PBDB Timescale

Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1251 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		South American Land Mammal Ages		Central Paratethys Stages	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Mesozoic Subages		Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran									0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Lujanian							Tarantian	0.0117
		Chibanian			Lujanian							Ionian	0.129
					Ensenadan								0.3 *
				Castlecliffian									0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian									0.774
				Nukumaruan									1.63
					Sanandresian	Uquian †							1.7 *
		Gelasian											1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian									2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Vorohuean								2.58
					Chapadmalalan								2.9 *
				Waipipian									3
		Zanclean		Waipipian									3.6
				Opoitian	Montehermosan								3.7 *
				Opoitian	Huayquerian								4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean									5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan									7.2
		Tortonian					Pannonian						7.246
					Chasicoan								7.9 *
					Mayoan								9.9 *
					Laventan								10.9 *
			Southland	Waiauan									11.04
		Serravallian					Sarmatian						11.63
							Badenian						12.8 *
				Lillburnian									13.05
					Colloncuran								13.7 *
		Langhian											13.82
				Clifdenian									15.1
				Clifdenian	Friasian								15.4 *
			Pareora	Altonian									15.9
		Burdigalian											15.98
					Santacrucian								16.2 *
					Colhuehuapian								17.4 *
				Otaian									18.7
		Aquitanian											20.44
					Deseadan								20.9 *
			Landon	Waitakian									21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian				MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25				23.03
				Duntroonian									25.2
				Whaingaroan									27.3
		Rupelian						MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21					27.82
		Rupelian			Tinguirirican			MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21					28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian						MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A					33.9
			Arnold	Runangan									34.6
				Runangan	Divisaderan								35.9 *
				Kaiatan									36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan				MP 16					37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian				MP 16					39.1
		Lutetian						MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11					41.2
					Mustersan								41.9 *
			Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
				Heretaungan									45.7
		Ypresian						MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7					47.8
					Casamayoran								47.9 *
				Mangaorapan									48.9
				Waipawan									52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Riochican			MP 6	MP 1 - 5				56
					Itaboraian								56.9 *
					Peligran								58.9 *
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
		Danian			Tiupampan					62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian						Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian	66
		Campanian		Haumurian						Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian	72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan						Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian	83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan						Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian	86.1
		Coniacian								Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian	86.3
		Turonian								Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian	89.8
				Mangaotanean							90.5
				Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan						Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian	93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
				Motuan							99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan						Late Albian	100.5
				Urutawan		103.3				Late Albian
				Urutawan		Middle Albian				106.2 *
			Taitai	Korangan		Middle Albian				108.4
						Early Albian				109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian				113
						Late Aptian				117.5
						Early Aptian				119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian				139.8
						Middle Berriasian				140.6 *
						Early Berriasian				142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian				Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian				Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian	152.2 *
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			154.8
		Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				Late Bajocian				168.2
		Bajocian				Early Bajocian				168.6 *
		Aalenian				Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Late Toarcian				174.7
						Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
						Early Toarcian				182.9 *
		Pliensbachian				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
		Norian				Sevatian				208.5
						Alaunian				213.2 *
						Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian				Tuvalian				227
		Carnian				Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Longobardian				237
		Ladinian				Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian				Illyrian				242
						Pelsonian				243.8 *
						Bithynian				244.7 *
						Aegean				245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Spathian				247.2
		Olenekian				Smithian				248.9 *
		Induan				Dienerian				251.2
		Induan				Griesbachian				251.4 *
													251.902