PBDB Timescale

Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1251 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		South American Land Mammal Ages		Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Lujanian				0.0117
		Chibanian			Lujanian				0.129
					Ensenadan				0.3 *
				Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian					0.774
				Nukumaruan					1.63
					Sanandresian	Uquian †			1.7 *
		Gelasian							1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Vorohuean				2.58
					Chapadmalalan				2.9 *
				Waipipian					3
		Zanclean		Waipipian					3.6
				Opoitian	Montehermosan				3.7 *
				Opoitian	Huayquerian				4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian							7.246
					Chasicoan				7.9 *
					Mayoan				9.9 *
					Laventan				10.9 *
			Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan					11.63
				Lillburnian					13.05
					Colloncuran				13.7 *
		Langhian							13.82
				Clifdenian					15.1
				Clifdenian	Friasian				15.4 *
			Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian							15.98
					Santacrucian				16.2 *
					Colhuehuapian				17.4 *
				Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian							20.44
					Deseadan				20.9 *
			Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian					23.03
				Duntroonian					25.2
				Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian							27.82
		Rupelian			Tinguirirican				28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian							33.9
			Arnold	Runangan					34.6
				Runangan	Divisaderan				35.9 *
				Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian							41.2
					Mustersan				41.9 *
			Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
				Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian							47.8
					Casamayoran				47.9 *
				Mangaorapan					48.9
				Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Riochican				56
					Itaboraian				56.9 *
					Peligran				58.9 *
		Selandian							59.2
		Danian							61.6
		Danian			Tiupampan				62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian			Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian	66
		Campanian		Haumurian			Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian	72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian	83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian	86.1
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian	86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian	89.8
				Mangaotanean				90.5
				Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan			Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian	93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
				Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan			Late Albian	100.5
				Urutawan			Late Albian	103.3
				Urutawan		Middle Albian	106.2 *
			Taitai	Korangan		Middle Albian	108.4
						Early Albian	109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian	113
						Late Aptian	117.5
						Early Aptian	119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian	139.8
						Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
						Early Berriasian	142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian				Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian				Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian				Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Late Toarcian		174.7
						Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
						Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian				Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian				Sevatian		208.5
						Alaunian		213.2 *
						Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian				Tuvalian		227
		Carnian				Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Longobardian		237
		Ladinian				Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian				Illyrian		242
						Pelsonian		243.8 *
						Bithynian		244.7 *
						Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian				Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan				Dienerian		251.2
		Induan				Griesbachian		251.4 *
									251.902