PBDB Timescale

Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1251 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran								0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Sheridanian					Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Chibanian			Sheridanian					Middle Pleistocene		0.129
					Cudahyan/Sappan							0.21
				Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian								Early Pleistocene		0.774
					Senecan/Rexroadian							1.4
				Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian						Late Pliocene		2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian						Late Pliocene		3
		Zanclean		Waipipian						Early Pliocene		3.6
				Opoitian								3.7
				Opoitian	Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian							4.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean						Late Miocene		5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian										7.246
					Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian							9.4
			Southland	Waiauan								11.04
		Serravallian								Middle Miocene		11.63
					late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian							12.5
				Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian								13.82
				Clifdenian								15.1
			Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian								Early Miocene		15.98
					Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian							16.3
					late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian						18.5
				Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	Late Oligocene		23.03
						Monroecreekian						23.1 *
						Geringian						24.7 *
				Duntroonian								25.2
				Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian						Kekeamuan		Early Oligocene		27.82
		Rupelian						Kekeamuan		Early Oligocene		29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Late Eocene		33.9
			Arnold	Runangan								34.6
				Kaiatan								36.7
												37
		Bartonian						Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		Middle Eocene		37.71
				Bortonian								39.1
					Late Uintan/Early Uintan							39.7
		Lutetian										41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
				Heretaungan								45.7
					Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian							46.2
		Ypresian							Bumbanian	Early Eocene		47.8
				Mangaorapan								48.9
				Mangaorapan	Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean							50.5
				Waipawan	Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean							52
				Waipawan			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1					54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	Gashatan		Late Paleocene		56
		Thanetian					Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	Gashatan		Late Paleocene		56.2
		Selandian					Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1			Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Selandian					To3/To2/To1			Middle Paleocene		60.9
		Danian					To3/To2/To1			Early Paleocene		61.6
		Danian					Pu3/Pu2/Pu1			Early Paleocene		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian							Lancian/Edmontonian	66
		Campanian		Haumurian							Judithian/Aquilan	72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan								83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
				Mangaotanean								90.5
				Arowhanan								93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan								93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
				Motuan								99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan								100.5
				Urutawan								103.3
			Taitai	Korangan								108.4
		Aptian		Korangan								113
		Aptian										117.5
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
												145