PBDB Timescale

Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1251 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran								0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Sheridanian			Tarantian				0.0117
		Chibanian			Sheridanian			Ionian				0.129
					Cudahyan/Sappan							0.21
				Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian										0.774
					Senecan/Rexroadian							1.4
				Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan							MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian							MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian							MN 16	2.58
				Waipipian							MN 16	3
											MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean										3.6
				Opoitian								3.7
											MN 14	4.2
					Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian						MN 14	4.7
											MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian									MN 12	7.246
											MN 11	7.75
											MN 10	8.7
					Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian						MN 10	9.4
											MN 9	9.7
			Southland	Waiauan							MN 9	11.04
											MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian										11.63
					late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian							12.5
											MN 6	12.8 *
				Lillburnian							MN 6	13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian							MN 5	13.82
				Clifdenian								15.1
			Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian									MN 4	15.98
					Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian						MN 4	16.3
					Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian						MN 3	16.9
					late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian						18.5
				Otaian								18.7
											MN 2	20
		Aquitanian										20.44
			Landon	Waitakian								21.7
											MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
						Monroecreekian						23.1 *
						Geringian						24.7 *
				Duntroonian								25.2
				Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian							Kekeamuan			27.82
		Rupelian							Kekeamuan			29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
			Arnold	Runangan								34.6
				Kaiatan								36.7
												37
		Bartonian							Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
				Bortonian								39.1
					Late Uintan/Early Uintan							39.7
		Lutetian										41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
				Heretaungan								45.7
					Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian							46.2
		Ypresian								Bumbanian		47.8
				Mangaorapan			48.9
				Mangaorapan	Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean		50.5
				Waipawan	Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean		52
				Waipawan			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1					54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		Gashatan			56
		Thanetian					Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		Gashatan			56.2
		Selandian					Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1					59.2
		Selandian					To3/To2/To1	60.9
		Danian					To3/To2/To1	61.6
		Danian					Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian				66
		Campanian		Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
				Mangaotanean				90.5
				Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan				93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
				Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan				100.5
				Urutawan				103.3
			Taitai	Korangan				108.4
		Aptian		Korangan				113
		Aptian						117.5
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
												145