PBDB Timescale

Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1251 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		North American Land Mammal Ages	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ten Million Year Bins	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran	Saintaugustinean			Cenozoic 6				0
		Meghalayan			Santarosean							0.0004
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean							0.014
		Chibanian			Rancholabrean							0.129
					Irvingtonian							0.21
				Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian										0.774
					Blancan							1.4
				Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian					Tertiary †			2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian								3
		Zanclean		Waipipian								3.6
				Opoitian								3.7
				Opoitian	Hemphillian							4.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian										7.246
					Clarendonian							9.4
			Southland	Waiauan								11.04
		Serravallian						Cenozoic 5				11.63
					Barstovian							12.5
				Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian								13.82
				Clifdenian								15.1
			Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian										15.98
					Hemingfordian							16.3
					Arikareean							18.5
				Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	Cenozoic 4				23.03
				Duntroonian								25.2
				Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian				Kekeamuan						27.82
					Whitneyan							29.5
					Orellan							31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian			Chadronian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Cenozoic 3				33.9
			Arnold	Runangan								34.6
				Kaiatan								36.7
					Duchesnean							37
		Bartonian				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan						37.71
				Bortonian								39.1
					Uintan							39.7
		Lutetian						Cenozoic 2				41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
				Heretaungan								45.7
					Bridgerian							46.2
		Ypresian					Bumbanian					47.8
				Mangaorapan								48.9
				Mangaorapan	Wasatchian							50.5
				Waipawan	Wasatchian							52
				Waipawan	Clarkforkian							54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Clarkforkian	Gashatan		Cenozoic 1				56
		Thanetian			Tiffanian	Gashatan						56.2
		Selandian			Tiffanian							59.2
		Selandian			Torrejonian							60.9
		Danian			Torrejonian							61.6
		Danian			Puercan							63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian				Cretaceous 8		66
		Campanian		Haumurian				Cretaceous 7		72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan				Cretaceous 6		83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
				Mangaotanean						90.5
				Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan				Cretaceous 5		93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
				Motuan						99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan				Cretaceous 4		100.5
				Urutawan						103.3
			Taitai	Korangan						108.4
		Aptian		Korangan				Cretaceous 3		113
		Aptian						Cretaceous 3		117.5
		Barremian						Cretaceous 2		121.4
		Hauterivian						Cretaceous 2		125.77
		Valanginian						Cretaceous 1		132.6
		Berriasian						Cretaceous 1		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian						Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian						Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian						Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian						Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian						Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian						Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian						Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian						Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian						Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Triassic 1		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Permian 4		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Roadian						Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian									283.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian						Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Carboniferous 5			298.9
		Kasimovian						Carboniferous 5			303.7
		Moscovian						Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian						Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean						Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian						Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian					Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8	Devonian 1
Silurian	Pridoli					Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian			Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Cambrian 4	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian		Cambrian 4		500.5
		Wuliuan		Cambrian 3		Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Cambrian 3			509
	Series 2	Stage 3		Cambrian 2			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521	Cambrian 2
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1	529
												538.8