PBDB Timescale

Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1251 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		North American Land Mammal Ages	Central Paratethys Stages	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Mesozoic Subages		Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran	Saintaugustinean							0
		Meghalayan			Santarosean							0.0004
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Tarantian	0.0117
		Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean						Tarantian	0.014
		Chibanian			Rancholabrean						Ionian	0.129
					Irvingtonian							0.21
				Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian										0.774
					Blancan							1.4
				Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian								2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian								3
		Zanclean		Waipipian								3.6
				Opoitian								3.7
				Opoitian	Hemphillian							4.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian				Pannonian						7.246
					Clarendonian							9.4
			Southland	Waiauan								11.04
		Serravallian				Sarmatian						11.63
					Barstovian	Sarmatian						12.5
						Badenian						12.8 *
				Lillburnian		Badenian						13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian								13.82
				Clifdenian								15.1
			Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian										15.98
					Hemingfordian							16.3
					Arikareean							18.5
				Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian			MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25				23.03
				Duntroonian								25.2
				Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian					MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21					27.82
					Whitneyan							29.5
					Orellan							31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian			Chadronian		MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A					33.9
			Arnold	Runangan								34.6
				Kaiatan								36.7
					Duchesnean							37
		Bartonian					MP 16					37.71
				Bortonian								39.1
					Uintan							39.7
		Lutetian					MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11					41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
				Heretaungan								45.7
					Bridgerian							46.2
		Ypresian					MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7					47.8
				Mangaorapan								48.9
				Mangaorapan	Wasatchian							50.5
				Waipawan	Wasatchian							52
				Waipawan	Clarkforkian							54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Clarkforkian		MP 6	MP 1 - 5				56
		Thanetian			Tiffanian		MP 6					56.2
		Selandian			Tiffanian							59.2
		Selandian			Torrejonian							60.9
		Danian			Torrejonian							61.6
		Danian			Puercan				63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian					Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian	66
		Campanian		Haumurian					Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian	72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian	83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian	86.1
		Coniacian							Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian	86.3
		Turonian							Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian	89.8
				Mangaotanean						90.5
				Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan					Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian	93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
				Motuan						99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan					Late Albian	100.5
				Urutawan					Late Albian	103.3
				Urutawan					Middle Albian	106.2 *
			Taitai	Korangan					Middle Albian	108.4
									Early Albian	109.9 *
		Aptian							Late Aptian	113
									Late Aptian	117.5
									Early Aptian	119.5 *
		Barremian							Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian							Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian							Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian							Late Berriasian	139.8
									Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
									Early Berriasian	142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian							Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian				152.2 *
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian							Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				Late Bajocian				168.2
		Bajocian				Early Bajocian				168.6 *
		Aalenian				Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Late Toarcian				174.7
						Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
						Early Toarcian				182.9 *
		Pliensbachian				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
		Norian				Sevatian				208.5
						Alaunian				213.2 *
						Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian				Tuvalian				227
		Carnian				Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Longobardian				237
		Ladinian				Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian				Illyrian				242
						Pelsonian				243.8 *
						Bithynian				244.7 *
						Aegean				245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Spathian				247.2
		Olenekian				Smithian				248.9 *
		Induan				Dienerian				251.2
		Induan				Griesbachian				251.4 *
												251.902