PBDB Timescale

Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1251 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		North American Land Mammal Ages	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran	Saintaugustinean				0
		Meghalayan			Santarosean				0.0004
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Tarantian			0.0117
		Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean	Tarantian			0.014
		Chibanian			Rancholabrean	Ionian			0.129
					Irvingtonian				0.21
				Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian							0.774
					Blancan				1.4
				Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian					2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian					3
		Zanclean		Waipipian					3.6
				Opoitian					3.7
				Opoitian	Hemphillian				4.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian							7.246
					Clarendonian				9.4
			Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian							11.63
					Barstovian				12.5
				Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian					13.82
				Clifdenian					15.1
			Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian							15.98
					Hemingfordian				16.3
					Arikareean				18.5
				Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian					23.03
				Duntroonian					25.2
				Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian							27.82
					Whitneyan				29.5
					Orellan				31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian			Chadronian				33.9
			Arnold	Runangan					34.6
				Kaiatan					36.7
					Duchesnean				37
		Bartonian							37.71
				Bortonian					39.1
					Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian							41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
				Heretaungan					45.7
					Bridgerian				46.2
		Ypresian							47.8
				Mangaorapan					48.9
				Mangaorapan	Wasatchian				50.5
				Waipawan	Wasatchian				52
				Waipawan	Clarkforkian				54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Clarkforkian				56
		Thanetian			Tiffanian				56.2
		Selandian			Tiffanian				59.2
		Selandian			Torrejonian				60.9
		Danian			Torrejonian				61.6
		Danian			Puercan				63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian			Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian	66
		Campanian		Haumurian			Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian	72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian	83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian	86.1
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian	86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian	89.8
				Mangaotanean				90.5
				Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan			Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian	93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
				Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan		Late Albian	100.5
				Urutawan		Late Albian	103.3
				Urutawan		Middle Albian	106.2 *
			Taitai	Korangan		Middle Albian	108.4
						Early Albian	109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian	113
						Late Aptian	117.5
						Early Aptian	119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian	139.8
						Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
						Early Berriasian	142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian				Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian				Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian				Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Late Toarcian		174.7
						Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
						Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian				Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian				Sevatian		208.5
						Alaunian		213.2 *
						Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian				Tuvalian		227
		Carnian				Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Longobardian		237
		Ladinian				Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian				Illyrian		242
						Pelsonian		243.8 *
						Bithynian		244.7 *
						Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian				Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan				Dienerian		251.2
		Induan				Griesbachian		251.4 *
									251.902