PBDB Timescale

Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1251 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		North American Land Mammal Ages	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	South American Land Mammal Ages		North American Mammal Subages/Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran	Saintaugustinean							0
		Meghalayan			Santarosean							0.0004
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Lujanian		Sheridanian			0.0117
		Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean							0.014
		Chibanian			Rancholabrean							0.129
					Irvingtonian				Cudahyan/Sappan			0.21
							Ensenadan					0.3 *
				Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian										0.774
					Blancan				Senecan/Rexroadian			1.4
				Nukumaruan								1.63
							Sanandresian	Uquian †				1.7 *
		Gelasian										1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Vorohuean					2.58
							Chapadmalalan					2.9 *
				Waipipian								3
		Zanclean		Waipipian								3.6
				Opoitian			Montehermosan					3.7 *
					Hemphillian		Montehermosan		Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian			4.7
							Huayquerian					4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian										7.246
							Chasicoan					7.9 *
					Clarendonian		Chasicoan		Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			9.4
							Mayoan					9.9 *
							Laventan					10.9 *
			Southland	Waiauan								11.04
		Serravallian										11.63
					Barstovian				late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian			12.5
				Lillburnian								13.05
							Colloncuran					13.7 *
		Langhian										13.82
				Clifdenian								15.1
				Clifdenian			Friasian					15.4 *
			Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian										15.98
							Santacrucian					16.2 *
					Hemingfordian		Santacrucian		Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian			16.3
					Hemingfordian		Colhuehuapian		Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian			17.4 *
					Arikareean				late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian		18.5
				Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian										20.44
							Deseadan					20.9 *
			Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
										Monroecreekian		23.1 *
										Geringian		24.7 *
				Duntroonian								25.2
				Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian										27.82
							Tinguirirican					28.9 *
					Whitneyan							29.5
					Orellan							31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian			Chadronian				Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			33.9
			Arnold	Runangan								34.6
				Runangan			Divisaderan					35.9 *
				Kaiatan								36.7
					Duchesnean							37
		Bartonian										37.71
				Bortonian								39.1
					Uintan	Late Uintan/Early Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian							41.2
							Mustersan		41.9 *
			Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
				Heretaungan					45.7
					Bridgerian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			46.2
		Ypresian							47.8
							Casamayoran		47.9 *
				Mangaorapan					48.9
				Mangaorapan	Wasatchian	Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean			50.5
				Waipawan	Wasatchian	Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean			52
				Waipawan	Clarkforkian				Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Clarkforkian		Riochican		Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		56
					Tiffanian		Riochican		Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		56.2
							Itaboraian				56.9 *
							Peligran				58.9 *
		Selandian									59.2
		Selandian			Torrejonian			To3/To2/To1	60.9
		Danian							61.6
							Tiupampan		62.4 *
					Puercan		Tiupampan	Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian			Lancian/Edmontonian				66
		Campanian		Haumurian			Judithian/Aquilan				72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan							83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
				Mangaotanean							90.5
				Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan							93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
				Motuan							99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan							100.5
				Urutawan							103.3
			Taitai	Korangan							108.4
		Aptian		Korangan							113
		Aptian									117.5
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
												145