PBDB Timescale

Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1251 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Mesozoic Subages		Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Central Paratethys Stages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Nihewanian						0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian							0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan							1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian	Yushean			Tertiary †			2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian							3
		Zanclean		Waipipian							3.6
				Opoitian							3.7
				Opoitian	Baodean						4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan						Pannonian	7.246
			Southland	Waiauan							11.04
					Tunggurian						11.1
		Serravallian								Sarmatian	11.63
										Badenian	12.8 *
				Lillburnian						Badenian	13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian	Shanwangian						13.82
				Clifdenian							15.1
			Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian									15.98
					Xiejiaan						16.9
				Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian							20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian							23.03
				Duntroonian							25.2
				Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
			Arnold	Runangan							34.6
				Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan							37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian							39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian							41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
				Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan							47.8
				Mangaorapan							48.9
				Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian							56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					66
		Campanian		Haumurian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian					72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					86.1
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian					89.8
				Mangaotanean							90.5
				Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian					93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
				Motuan							99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan		Late Albian					100.5
				Urutawan		Late Albian					103.3
				Urutawan		Middle Albian					106.2 *
			Taitai	Korangan		Middle Albian					108.4
						Early Albian	109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian	113
						Late Aptian	117.5
						Early Aptian	119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian	139.8
						Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
						Early Berriasian	142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian				Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian				Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian				Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Late Toarcian			174.7
						Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
						Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian				Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian				Sevatian			208.5
						Alaunian			213.2 *
						Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian			Tuvalian	227
		Carnian			Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Longobardian	237
		Ladinian			Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian	242
					Pelsonian	243.8 *
					Bithynian	244.7 *
					Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian	251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †		504.5
											509