PBDB Timescale

Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1251 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Central Paratethys Stages	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran		Saintaugustinean				0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean				0.0004
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Tarantian			0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean	Tarantian			0.014
		Chibanian				Rancholabrean	Ionian			0.129
						Irvingtonian				0.21
				Castlecliffian						0.34
		Calabrian								0.774
						Blancan				1.4
				Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan						1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian						2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian						3
		Zanclean		Waipipian						3.6
				Opoitian						3.7
				Opoitian		Hemphillian				4.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian			Pannonian					7.246
						Clarendonian				9.4
			Southland	Waiauan						11.04
		Serravallian			Sarmatian					11.63
					Sarmatian	Barstovian				12.5
					Badenian					12.8 *
				Lillburnian	Badenian					13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian						13.82
				Clifdenian						15.1
			Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian								15.98
						Hemingfordian				16.3
						Arikareean				18.5
				Otaian						18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian						20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian						21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian						23.03
				Duntroonian						25.2
				Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian								27.82
						Whitneyan				29.5
						Orellan				31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian				Chadronian				33.9
			Arnold	Runangan						34.6
				Kaiatan						36.7
						Duchesnean				37
		Bartonian								37.71
				Bortonian						39.1
						Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian								41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
				Heretaungan						45.7
						Bridgerian				46.2
		Ypresian								47.8
				Mangaorapan						48.9
				Mangaorapan		Wasatchian				50.5
				Waipawan		Wasatchian				52
				Waipawan		Clarkforkian				54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian		Clarkforkian				56
		Thanetian				Tiffanian				56.2
		Selandian				Tiffanian				59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian				60.9
		Danian				Torrejonian				61.6
		Danian				Puercan		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian	66
		Campanian		Haumurian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian	72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian	83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian	86.1
		Coniacian						Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian	86.3
		Turonian						Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian	89.8
				Mangaotanean					90.5
				Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan			Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian	93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
				Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan			Late Albian	100.5
				Urutawan			Late Albian	103.3
				Urutawan			Middle Albian	106.2 *
			Taitai	Korangan			Middle Albian	108.4
							Early Albian	109.9 *
		Aptian					Late Aptian	113
							Late Aptian	117.5
							Early Aptian	119.5 *
		Barremian					Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian					Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian					Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian					Late Berriasian	139.8
							Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
							Early Berriasian	142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian					Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian			Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian			174.7
					Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
					Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian			Sevatian			208.5
					Alaunian			213.2 *
					Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian			Tuvalian			227
		Carnian			Julian			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Longobardian			237
		Ladinian			Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian			242
					Pelsonian			243.8 *
					Bithynian			244.7 *
					Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Spathian			247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian			251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian			251.4 *
										251.902