PBDB Timescale

Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1251 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	South American Land Mammal Ages		North American Mammal Subages/Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Tarantian	Lujanian		Sheridanian			0.0117
		Chibanian			Ionian			Sheridanian			0.129
								Cudahyan/Sappan			0.21
						Ensenadan					0.3 *
				Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian									0.774
								Senecan/Rexroadian			1.4
				Nukumaruan							1.63
						Sanandresian	Uquian †				1.7 *
		Gelasian									1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Vorohuean					2.58
						Chapadmalalan					2.9 *
				Waipipian							3
		Zanclean		Waipipian							3.6
				Opoitian		Montehermosan					3.7 *
						Montehermosan		Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian			4.7
						Huayquerian					4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian									7.246
						Chasicoan					7.9 *
						Chasicoan		Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			9.4
						Mayoan					9.9 *
						Laventan					10.9 *
			Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian									11.63
								late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian			12.5
				Lillburnian							13.05
						Colloncuran					13.7 *
		Langhian									13.82
				Clifdenian							15.1
				Clifdenian		Friasian					15.4 *
			Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian									15.98
						Santacrucian					16.2 *
						Santacrucian		Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian			16.3
						Colhuehuapian		Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian			17.4 *
								late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian		18.5
				Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian									20.44
						Deseadan					20.9 *
			Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
									Monroecreekian		23.1 *
									Geringian		24.7 *
				Duntroonian							25.2
				Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian									27.82
						Tinguirirican					28.9 *
											29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian						Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			33.9
			Arnold	Runangan							34.6
				Runangan		Divisaderan					35.9 *
				Kaiatan							36.7
											37
		Bartonian									37.71
				Bortonian							39.1
								Late Uintan/Early Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian									41.2
						Mustersan					41.9 *
			Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
				Heretaungan						45.7
								Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian		46.2
		Ypresian								47.8
						Casamayoran				47.9 *
				Mangaorapan						48.9
				Mangaorapan				Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean		50.5
				Waipawan				Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean		52
				Waipawan				Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian		Riochican		Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		56
						Riochican		Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		56.2
						Itaboraian				56.9 *
						Peligran				58.9 *
		Selandian								59.2
		Selandian						To3/To2/To1		60.9
		Danian					61.6
						Tiupampan	62.4 *
						Tiupampan	Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian				Lancian/Edmontonian		66
		Campanian		Haumurian				Judithian/Aquilan		72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan						83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
				Mangaotanean						90.5
				Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan						93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
				Motuan						99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan						100.5
				Urutawan						103.3
			Taitai	Korangan						108.4
		Aptian		Korangan						113
		Aptian								117.5
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian								139.8
											145