PBDB Timescale

Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1251 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran								0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Tarantian			Sheridanian				0.0117
		Chibanian			Ionian			Sheridanian				0.129
								Cudahyan/Sappan				0.21
				Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian										0.774
								Senecan/Rexroadian				1.4
				Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian								2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian								3
		Zanclean		Waipipian								3.6
				Opoitian								3.7
				Opoitian				Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian				4.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian										7.246
								Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian				9.4
			Southland	Waiauan								11.04
		Serravallian										11.63
								late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian				12.5
				Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian								13.82
				Clifdenian								15.1
			Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian										15.98
								Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian				16.3
								late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian			18.5
				Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian					23.03
									Monroecreekian			23.1 *
									Geringian			24.7 *
				Duntroonian								25.2
				Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian				Kekeamuan						27.82
		Rupelian				Kekeamuan						29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian				33.9
			Arnold	Runangan								34.6
				Kaiatan								36.7
												37
		Bartonian				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan						37.71
				Bortonian								39.1
								Late Uintan/Early Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian										41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
				Heretaungan								45.7
								Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				46.2
		Ypresian					Bumbanian					47.8
				Mangaorapan								48.9
				Mangaorapan				Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				50.5
				Waipawan				Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				52
				Waipawan						Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian		Gashatan				Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		56
		Thanetian				Gashatan				Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		56.2
		Selandian								Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		59.2
		Selandian								To3/To2/To1		60.9
		Danian								To3/To2/To1		61.6
		Danian								Pu3/Pu2/Pu1		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian							Lancian/Edmontonian	66
		Campanian		Haumurian							Judithian/Aquilan	72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan								83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
				Mangaotanean								90.5
				Arowhanan								93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan	93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
				Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan	100.5
				Urutawan	103.3
			Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian		Korangan	113
		Aptian			117.5
		Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
												145