PBDB Timescale

Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1251 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	European Faunal Zones	Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Tarantian				0.0117
		Chibanian			Ionian				0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian	Ionian				0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan		MN 17			1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian		MN 17			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian		MN 16			2.58
				Waipipian		MN 16			3
						MN 15			3.2
		Zanclean							3.6
				Opoitian					3.7
						MN 14			4.2
						MN 13			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian				MN 12			7.246
						MN 11			7.75
						MN 10			8.7
						MN 9			9.7
			Southland	Waiauan		MN 9			11.04
						MN 7 + 8			11.1
		Serravallian				MN 7 + 8			11.63
						MN 6			12.8 *
				Lillburnian		MN 6			13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian		MN 5			13.82
				Clifdenian					15.1
			Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian				MN 4			15.98
						MN 3			16.9
				Otaian		MN 3			18.7
						MN 2			20
		Aquitanian							20.44
			Landon	Waitakian					21.7
						MN 1			22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							23.03
				Duntroonian					25.2
				Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							33.9
			Arnold	Runangan					34.6
				Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian					41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
				Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan					47.8
				Mangaorapan					48.9
				Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian					56
		Selandian							59.2
		Danian							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian			Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian		Haumurian			Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		86.1
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
				Mangaotanean					90.5
				Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan			Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian	93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
				Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan			Late Albian	100.5
				Urutawan			Late Albian	103.3
				Urutawan			Middle Albian	106.2 *
			Taitai	Korangan	108.4		Middle Albian
					Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian			Late Aptian		113
					Late Aptian		117.5
					Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian			Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian			Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian			Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian			Late Berriasian		139.8
					Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
					Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Late Tithonian		Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian			Early Tithonian		Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian			Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian			174.7
					Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
					Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian			Sevatian			208.5
					Alaunian			213.2 *
					Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian			Tuvalian	227
		Carnian			Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Longobardian	237
		Ladinian			Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian	242
					Pelsonian	243.8 *
					Bithynian	244.7 *
					Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian	251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian	251.4 *
									251.902