PBDB Timescale

Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1251 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Mammal Paleogene Zones		Cenozoic Subepochs	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene	Tarantian			0.0117
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene	Ionian			0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian			Middle Pleistocene	Ionian			0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian			Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan							1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian			Late Pliocene				2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian			Late Pliocene				3
		Zanclean		Waipipian			Early Pliocene				3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian			Early Pliocene				3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean			Late Miocene				5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan							7.246
		Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan			Middle Miocene				11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian							13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian							13.82
				Clifdenian							15.1
			Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian			Early Miocene				15.98
		Burdigalian		Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian							20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	Late Oligocene				23.03
				Duntroonian							25.2
				Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian			MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21		Early Oligocene				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Late Eocene				33.9
			Arnold	Runangan							34.6
				Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan	MP 16		Middle Eocene				37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian	MP 16						39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11						41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
				Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		Early Eocene				47.8
				Mangaorapan							48.9
				Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	MP 6	MP 1 - 5	Late Paleocene				56
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian					Early Paleocene				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian					Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian		Haumurian					Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		86.1
		Coniacian							Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian							Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
				Mangaotanean							90.5
				Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan					Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
				Motuan							99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan					Late Albian		100.5
				Urutawan					Late Albian		103.3
				Urutawan					Middle Albian		106.2 *
			Taitai	Korangan					Middle Albian		108.4
									Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian							Late Aptian		113
									Late Aptian		117.5
									Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian							Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian							Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian							Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian							Late Berriasian	139.8
									Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
									Early Berriasian	142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian						Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian						Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian						Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian						Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian							Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian						Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian						Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian						Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian						Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Late Toarcian		174.7
								Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
								Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian						Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian						Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian						Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
		Norian						Sevatian		208.5
								Alaunian		213.2 *
								Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian						Tuvalian		227
		Carnian						Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Longobardian		237
		Ladinian						Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian						Illyrian		242
								Pelsonian		243.8 *
								Bithynian		244.7 *
								Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian						Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan						Dienerian		251.2
		Induan						Griesbachian		251.4 *
											251.902