PBDB Timescale

Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1251 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		European Faunal Units	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Central Paratethys Stages	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran								0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Tarantian						0.0117
		Chibanian				Ionian						0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian		Ionian						0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian								0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian	Villanyian							2.58
				Waipipian	Villanyian							3
					Ruscinian							3.1 *
		Zanclean										3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian								3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean	Turolian							5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian					Pannonian					7.246
					Vallesian							8.7
			Southland	Waiauan	Vallesian							11.04
		Serravallian			Astaracian		Sarmatian					11.63
							Badenian					12.8 *
				Lillburnian			Badenian					13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian								13.82
				Clifdenian								15.1
			Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian	Orleanian							15.98
				Otaian	Orleanian							18.7
					Agenian							20
		Aquitanian										20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian				MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25			23.03
				Duntroonian								25.2
				Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian						MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A				33.9
			Arnold	Runangan								34.6
				Kaiatan								36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan				MP 16				37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian				MP 16				39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian				MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11				41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
				Heretaungan								45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan				MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7				47.8
				Mangaorapan								48.9
				Waipawan								52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian				MP 6	MP 1 - 5			56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian						Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian		Haumurian						Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan						Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan						Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		86.1
		Coniacian								Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian								Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
				Mangaotanean								90.5
				Arowhanan								93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan						Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
				Motuan								99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan						Late Albian		100.5
				Urutawan						Late Albian		103.3
				Urutawan						Middle Albian		106.2 *
			Taitai	Korangan						Middle Albian		108.4
										Early Albian	109.9 *
		Aptian								Late Aptian	113
										Late Aptian	117.5
										Early Aptian	119.5 *
		Barremian								Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian								Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian				139.8
						Middle Berriasian				140.6 *
						Early Berriasian				142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian				Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian				Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian					152.2 *
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian								Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian				Late Bajocian					168.2
		Bajocian				Early Bajocian					168.6 *
		Aalenian				Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Late Toarcian					174.7
						Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
						Early Toarcian	182.9 *
		Pliensbachian				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian	184.2
		Sinemurian				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian				Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian				Sevatian	208.5
						Alaunian	213.2 *
						Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian			Tuvalian	227
		Carnian			Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Longobardian	237
		Ladinian			Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian	242
					Pelsonian	243.8 *
					Bithynian	244.7 *
					Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian	251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian	251.4 *
												251.902