PBDB Timescale

Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1251 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		European Faunal Units	Mesozoic Subages		North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Central Paratethys Stages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran								0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Sheridanian				0.0117
		Chibanian						Sheridanian				0.129
								Cudahyan/Sappan				0.21
				Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian										0.774
								Senecan/Rexroadian				1.4
				Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian	Villanyian							2.58
				Waipipian	Villanyian							3
					Ruscinian							3.1 *
		Zanclean										3.6
				Opoitian								3.7
				Opoitian				Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian				4.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean	Turolian							5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian									Pannonian	7.246
					Vallesian							8.7
								Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian				9.4
			Southland	Waiauan								11.04
		Serravallian			Astaracian						Sarmatian	11.63
								late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian			Sarmatian	12.5
											Badenian	12.8 *
				Lillburnian							Badenian	13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian								13.82
				Clifdenian								15.1
			Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian			Orleanian							15.98
								Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian				16.3
								late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian			18.5
				Otaian								18.7
					Agenian							20
		Aquitanian										20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
									Monroecreekian			23.1 *
									Geringian			24.7 *
				Duntroonian								25.2
				Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian										27.82
		Rupelian										29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian						Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian				33.9
			Arnold	Runangan								34.6
				Kaiatan								36.7
												37
		Bartonian										37.71
				Bortonian								39.1
								Late Uintan/Early Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian										41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
				Heretaungan								45.7
								Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				46.2
		Ypresian										47.8
				Mangaorapan								48.9
				Mangaorapan				Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				50.5
				Waipawan				Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				52
				Waipawan						Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian						Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		56
		Thanetian								Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		56.2
		Selandian								Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		59.2
		Selandian				To3/To2/To1	60.9
		Danian				To3/To2/To1	61.6
		Danian				Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian				66
		Campanian		Haumurian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				86.1
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian				89.8
				Mangaotanean						90.5
				Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian				93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
				Motuan						99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan		Late Albian				100.5
				Urutawan		Late Albian				103.3
				Urutawan		Middle Albian				106.2 *
			Taitai	Korangan		Middle Albian				108.4
						Early Albian				109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian				113
						Late Aptian				117.5
						Early Aptian				119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian				139.8
						Middle Berriasian				140.6 *
						Early Berriasian				142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian				Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian				Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian					152.2 *
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian								Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian				Late Bajocian					168.2
		Bajocian				Early Bajocian					168.6 *
		Aalenian			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian	174.7
					Middle Toarcian	180.4 *
					Early Toarcian	182.9 *
		Pliensbachian			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian	184.2
		Sinemurian			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian			Sevatian	208.5
					Alaunian	213.2 *
					Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian			Tuvalian	227
		Carnian			Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Longobardian	237
		Ladinian			Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian	242
					Pelsonian	243.8 *
					Bithynian	244.7 *
					Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian	251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian	251.4 *
												251.902