PBDB Timescale

Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1251 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cretaceous Subepochs	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Tarantian			0.0117
		Chibanian				Ionian			0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian		Ionian			0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian					2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian					3
		Zanclean		Waipipian					3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan					7.246
		Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan					11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian					13.82
				Clifdenian					15.1
			Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian					15.98
		Burdigalian		Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian					23.03
				Duntroonian					25.2
				Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							33.9
			Arnold	Runangan					34.6
				Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian					41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
				Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan					47.8
				Mangaorapan					48.9
				Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian					56
		Selandian							59.2
		Danian							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian	Senonian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian		Haumurian			Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		86.1
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
				Mangaotanean					90.5
				Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan			Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
				Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan	Gallic		Late Albian		100.5
				Urutawan			Late Albian		103.3
				Urutawan			Middle Albian		106.2 *
			Taitai	Korangan			Middle Albian		108.4
							Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian					Late Aptian		113
							Late Aptian		117.5
							Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian					Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian			Neocomian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian					Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian					Late Berriasian	139.8
							Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
							Early Berriasian	142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian				Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian				Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian				Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Late Toarcian		174.7
						Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
						Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian				Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian				Sevatian		208.5
						Alaunian		213.2 *
						Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian				Tuvalian		227
		Carnian				Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Longobardian		237
		Ladinian				Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian				Illyrian		242
						Pelsonian		243.8 *
						Bithynian		244.7 *
						Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian				Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan				Dienerian		251.2
		Induan				Griesbachian		251.4 *
									251.902