PBDB Timescale

Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1251 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cretaceous Subepochs	Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran		Cenozoic 6				0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Tarantian			0.0117
		Chibanian					Ionian			0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian			Ionian			0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian						0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan						1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian						2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian						3
		Zanclean		Waipipian						3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian						3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan						7.246
		Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan						11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan		Cenozoic 5				11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian						13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian						13.82
				Clifdenian						15.1
			Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian						15.98
		Burdigalian		Otaian						18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian						20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian						21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian		Cenozoic 4				23.03
				Duntroonian						25.2
				Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3				33.9
			Arnold	Runangan						34.6
				Kaiatan						36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan						37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian						39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian		Cenozoic 2				41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
				Heretaungan						45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan						47.8
				Mangaorapan						48.9
				Waipawan						52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian		Cenozoic 1				56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian	Senonian	Cretaceous 8		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian		Haumurian		Cretaceous 7		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan		Cretaceous 6		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		86.1
		Coniacian						Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian						Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
				Mangaotanean						90.5
				Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan		Cretaceous 5		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
				Motuan						99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan	Gallic	Cretaceous 4		Late Albian		100.5
				Urutawan				Late Albian		103.3
				Urutawan				Middle Albian		106.2 *
			Taitai	Korangan				Middle Albian		108.4
								Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3		Late Aptian		113
								Late Aptian		117.5
								Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2		Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian			Neocomian	Cretaceous 2		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian						Late Berriasian	139.8
								Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
								Early Berriasian	142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian				Jurassic 6	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5	Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian					Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian					Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian						Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian					Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian					Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Late Toarcian		174.7
							Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
							Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian				Jurassic 1	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian					Sevatian		208.5
							Alaunian		213.2 *
							Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian				Triassic 3	Tuvalian		227
		Carnian				Triassic 3	Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Triassic 2	Longobardian		237
		Ladinian					Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian					Illyrian		242
							Pelsonian		243.8 *
							Bithynian		244.7 *
							Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Triassic 1	Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian					Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan					Dienerian		251.2
		Induan					Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian				Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian				Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5			298.9
		Kasimovian				Carboniferous 5			303.7
		Moscovian				Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian				Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean				Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian				Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian				Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian				Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1	529
										538.8