PBDB Timescale

Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1251 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages		North American Land Mammal Ages	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran				Saintaugustinean			0
		Meghalayan						Santarosean			0.0004
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene	Lujanian					0.0117
		Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean			0.014
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene			Rancholabrean			0.129
								Irvingtonian			0.21
						Ensenadan					0.3 *
				Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene						0.774
								Blancan			1.4
				Nukumaruan							1.63
						Sanandresian	Uquian †				1.7 *
		Gelasian									1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene	Vorohuean					2.58
						Chapadmalalan					2.9 *
				Waipipian							3
		Zanclean		Waipipian	Early Pliocene						3.6
				Opoitian		Montehermosan					3.7 *
						Montehermosan		Hemphillian			4.7
						Huayquerian					4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean	Late Miocene						5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian									7.246
						Chasicoan					7.9 *
						Chasicoan		Clarendonian			9.4
						Mayoan					9.9 *
						Laventan					10.9 *
			Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian			Middle Miocene						11.63
								Barstovian			12.5
				Lillburnian							13.05
						Colloncuran					13.7 *
		Langhian									13.82
				Clifdenian							15.1
				Clifdenian		Friasian					15.4 *
			Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian			Early Miocene						15.98
						Santacrucian					16.2 *
						Santacrucian		Hemingfordian			16.3
						Colhuehuapian		Hemingfordian			17.4 *
								Arikareean			18.5
				Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian									20.44
						Deseadan					20.9 *
			Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian	Late Oligocene				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
				Duntroonian							25.2
				Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian			Early Oligocene				Kekeamuan		27.82
						Tinguirirican					28.9 *
								Whitneyan			29.5
								Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene			Chadronian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
			Arnold	Runangan							34.6
				Runangan		Divisaderan					35.9 *
				Kaiatan							36.7
								Duchesnean			37
		Bartonian			Middle Eocene				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
				Bortonian							39.1
								Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian									41.2
						Mustersan					41.9 *
			Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
				Heretaungan							45.7
								Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian			Early Eocene					Bumbanian	47.8
						Casamayoran					47.9 *
				Mangaorapan							48.9
				Mangaorapan				Wasatchian			50.5
				Waipawan				Wasatchian			52
				Waipawan				Clarkforkian			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Late Paleocene	Riochican		Clarkforkian	Gashatan		56
						Riochican		Tiffanian			56.2
						Itaboraian					56.9 *
						Peligran					58.9 *
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene			Torrejonian			60.9
		Danian			Early Paleocene						61.6
						Tiupampan	62.4 *
						Tiupampan	Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian				66
		Campanian		Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
				Mangaotanean				90.5
				Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan				93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
				Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan				100.5
				Urutawan				103.3
			Taitai	Korangan				108.4
		Aptian		Korangan				113
		Aptian						117.5
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
											145