PBDB Timescale

Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1251 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages	North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Central Paratethys Stages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran		Saintaugustinean					0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean					0.0004
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene		Sheridanian				0.0117
		Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean					0.014
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene	Rancholabrean					0.129
						Irvingtonian	Cudahyan/Sappan				0.21
				Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene						0.774
						Blancan	Senecan/Rexroadian				1.4
				Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan							1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian	Late Pliocene						2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian	Late Pliocene						3
		Zanclean		Waipipian	Early Pliocene						3.6
				Opoitian							3.7
				Opoitian		Hemphillian	Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian				4.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean	Late Miocene						5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian								Pannonian	7.246
						Clarendonian	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian				9.4
			Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian			Middle Miocene					Sarmatian	11.63
						Barstovian	late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian			Sarmatian	12.5
										Badenian	12.8 *
				Lillburnian						Badenian	13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian							13.82
				Clifdenian							15.1
			Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian			Early Miocene						15.98
						Hemingfordian	Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian				16.3
						Arikareean	late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian			18.5
				Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian							20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene						23.03
								Monroecreekian			23.1 *
								Geringian			24.7 *
				Duntroonian							25.2
				Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian			Early Oligocene						27.82
						Whitneyan					29.5
						Orellan					31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene	Chadronian	Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian				33.9
			Arnold	Runangan							34.6
				Kaiatan							36.7
						Duchesnean					37
		Bartonian			Middle Eocene						37.71
				Bortonian							39.1
						Uintan	Late Uintan/Early Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian									41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
				Heretaungan							45.7
						Bridgerian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				46.2
		Ypresian			Early Eocene						47.8
				Mangaorapan							48.9
				Mangaorapan		Wasatchian	Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				50.5
				Waipawan		Wasatchian	Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				52
				Waipawan		Clarkforkian			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Late Paleocene	Clarkforkian			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		56
		Thanetian			Late Paleocene	Tiffanian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		56.2
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene	Tiffanian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		59.2
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene	Torrejonian			To3/To2/To1		60.9
		Danian			Early Paleocene	Torrejonian			To3/To2/To1		61.6
		Danian			Early Paleocene	Puercan			Pu3/Pu2/Pu1		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian							66
		Campanian		Haumurian							72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan							83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
				Mangaotanean							90.5
				Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan							93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
				Motuan							99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan							100.5
				Urutawan							103.3
			Taitai	Korangan							108.4
		Aptian		Korangan							113
		Aptian									117.5
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
											145