PBDB Timescale

Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1251 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs	Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous Subepochs	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran		Cenozoic 6					0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene			Tarantian			0.0117
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene			Ionian			0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian	Middle Pleistocene			Ionian			0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian	Early Pleistocene						0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan							1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian	Late Pliocene						2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian	Late Pliocene						3
		Zanclean		Waipipian	Early Pliocene						3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian	Early Pliocene						3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean	Late Miocene						5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan							7.246
		Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan	Middle Miocene	Cenozoic 5					11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian							13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian							13.82
				Clifdenian							15.1
			Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian	Early Miocene						15.98
		Burdigalian		Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian							20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian	Late Oligocene	Cenozoic 4					23.03
				Duntroonian							25.2
				Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian			Early Oligocene						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene	Cenozoic 3					33.9
			Arnold	Runangan							34.6
				Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan	Middle Eocene						37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian							39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian		Cenozoic 2					41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
				Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan	Early Eocene						47.8
				Mangaorapan							48.9
				Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Late Paleocene	Cenozoic 1					56
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian		Cretaceous 8	Senonian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian		Haumurian		Cretaceous 7			Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan		Cretaceous 6			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		86.1
		Coniacian							Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian							Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
				Mangaotanean							90.5
				Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan		Cretaceous 5			Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
				Motuan							99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan		Cretaceous 4	Gallic		Late Albian		100.5
				Urutawan					Late Albian		103.3
				Urutawan					Middle Albian		106.2 *
			Taitai	Korangan					Middle Albian		108.4
									Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3			Late Aptian		113
									Late Aptian		117.5
									Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2			Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2	Neocomian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1			Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian							Late Berriasian	139.8
									Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
									Early Berriasian	142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian				Jurassic 6		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5		Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian						Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian						Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian							Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian						Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian						Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Late Toarcian		174.7
								Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
								Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian				Jurassic 1		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian						Sevatian		208.5
								Alaunian		213.2 *
								Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian				Triassic 3		Tuvalian		227
		Carnian				Triassic 3		Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Triassic 2		Longobardian		237
		Ladinian						Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian						Illyrian		242
								Pelsonian		243.8 *
								Bithynian		244.7 *
								Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Triassic 1		Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian						Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan						Dienerian		251.2
		Induan						Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Permian 4				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian								264.28
		Roadian				Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian			Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian			Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian			Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean			Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian			Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian			Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1	529
											538.8