PBDB Timescale

Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1251 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Mesozoic Subages	North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Central Paratethys Stages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Sheridanian				0.0117
		Chibanian				Sheridanian				0.129
						Cudahyan/Sappan				0.21
				Castlecliffian						0.34
		Calabrian								0.774
						Senecan/Rexroadian				1.4
				Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan						1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian						2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian						3
		Zanclean		Waipipian						3.6
				Opoitian						3.7
				Opoitian		Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian				4.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian							Pannonian	7.246
						Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian				9.4
			Southland	Waiauan						11.04
		Serravallian							Sarmatian	11.63
						late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian			Sarmatian	12.5
									Badenian	12.8 *
				Lillburnian					Badenian	13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian						13.82
				Clifdenian						15.1
			Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian								15.98
						Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian				16.3
						late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian			18.5
				Otaian						18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian						20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian						21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
							Monroecreekian			23.1 *
							Geringian			24.7 *
				Duntroonian						25.2
				Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian								27.82
		Rupelian								29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian				33.9
			Arnold	Runangan						34.6
				Kaiatan						36.7
										37
		Bartonian								37.71
				Bortonian						39.1
						Late Uintan/Early Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian								41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
				Heretaungan						45.7
						Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				46.2
		Ypresian								47.8
				Mangaorapan						48.9
				Mangaorapan		Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				50.5
				Waipawan		Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				52
				Waipawan				Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian				Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		56
		Thanetian						Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		56.2
		Selandian						Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		59.2
		Selandian						To3/To2/To1		60.9
		Danian						To3/To2/To1		61.6
		Danian						Pu3/Pu2/Pu1		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			66
		Campanian		Haumurian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			86.1
		Coniacian			Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
		Turonian			Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
				Mangaotanean				90.5
				Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
				Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan	Late Albian			100.5
				Urutawan	Late Albian			103.3
				Urutawan	Middle Albian			106.2 *
			Taitai	Korangan	Middle Albian			108.4
					Early Albian			109.9 *
		Aptian			Late Aptian			113
					Late Aptian			117.5
					Early Aptian			119.5 *
		Barremian			Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian			Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian			Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian			Late Berriasian			139.8
					Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
					Early Berriasian			142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Late Tithonian			Middle Tithonian		145
		Tithonian			Early Tithonian			Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian			Late Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian				152.2 *
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian						Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian				168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian				168.6 *
		Aalenian			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian				174.7
					Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
					Early Toarcian				182.9 *
		Pliensbachian			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian			Sevatian		208.5
					Alaunian		213.2 *
					Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian			Tuvalian		227
		Carnian			Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Longobardian		237
		Ladinian			Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian		242
					Pelsonian		243.8 *
					Bithynian		244.7 *
					Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian		251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian	251.4 *
										251.902