PBDB Timescale

Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1251 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	South American Land Mammal Ages		North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran										0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Lujanian		Sheridanian					Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian						Sheridanian					Middle Pleistocene	0.129
								Cudahyan/Sappan						0.21
						Ensenadan								0.3 *
				Castlecliffian										0.34
		Calabrian											Early Pleistocene	0.774
								Senecan/Rexroadian						1.4
				Nukumaruan										1.63
						Sanandresian	Uquian †							1.7 *
		Gelasian												1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian										2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Vorohuean							Late Pliocene	2.58
						Chapadmalalan								2.9 *
				Waipipian										3
		Zanclean		Waipipian									Early Pliocene	3.6
				Opoitian		Montehermosan								3.7 *
						Montehermosan		Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian						4.7
						Huayquerian								4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean									Late Miocene	5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan										7.2
		Tortonian												7.246
						Chasicoan								7.9 *
						Chasicoan		Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian						9.4
						Mayoan								9.9 *
						Laventan								10.9 *
			Southland	Waiauan										11.04
		Serravallian											Middle Miocene	11.63
								late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian						12.5
				Lillburnian										13.05
						Colloncuran								13.7 *
		Langhian												13.82
				Clifdenian										15.1
				Clifdenian		Friasian								15.4 *
			Pareora	Altonian										15.9
		Burdigalian											Early Miocene	15.98
						Santacrucian								16.2 *
						Santacrucian		Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian						16.3
						Colhuehuapian		Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian						17.4 *
								late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian					18.5
				Otaian										18.7
		Aquitanian												20.44
						Deseadan								20.9 *
			Landon	Waitakian										21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	Late Oligocene	23.03
									Monroecreekian					23.1 *
									Geringian					24.7 *
				Duntroonian										25.2
				Whaingaroan										27.3
		Rupelian									Kekeamuan		Early Oligocene	27.82
						Tinguirirican								28.9 *
														29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian						Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Late Eocene	33.9
			Arnold	Runangan										34.6
				Runangan		Divisaderan								35.9 *
				Kaiatan										36.7
														37
		Bartonian									Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		Middle Eocene	37.71
				Bortonian										39.1
								Late Uintan/Early Uintan						39.7
		Lutetian												41.2
						Mustersan								41.9 *
			Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
				Heretaungan	45.7
					Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			46.2
		Ypresian						Bumbanian		Early Eocene		47.8
						Casamayoran						47.9 *
				Mangaorapan								48.9
				Mangaorapan	Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean							50.5
				Waipawan	Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean							52
				Waipawan								Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian		Riochican		Gashatan			Late Paleocene	Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	56
						Riochican						Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	56.2
						Itaboraian							56.9 *
						Peligran							58.9 *
		Selandian									Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Selandian									Middle Paleocene	To3/To2/To1	60.9
		Danian					Early Paleocene				61.6
						Tiupampan					62.4 *
						Tiupampan					Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian		Lancian/Edmontonian							66
		Campanian		Haumurian		Judithian/Aquilan							72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan									83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan									86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
				Mangaotanean									90.5
				Arowhanan									93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan									93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian									95.2
				Motuan									99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan									100.5
				Urutawan									103.3
			Taitai	Korangan									108.4
		Aptian		Korangan									113
		Aptian											117.5
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
														145