PBDB Timescale

Cenozoic Subepochs

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view

There are 13 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 13391 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	North American Mammal Subages/Zones
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Sheridanian			0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene	Sheridanian			0.129
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene	Cudahyan/Sappan			0.21
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene	Cudahyan/Sappan			0.774
		Calabrian		Senecan/Rexroadian			1.4
		Gelasian					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene				2.58
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene				3.6
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene	Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian			4.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene				5.333
		Tortonian					7.246
		Tortonian		Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			9.4
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			11.63
		Serravallian		late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian			12.5
		Langhian					13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene				15.98
				Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian			16.3
				late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian		18.5
		Aquitanian					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene				23.03
					Monroecreekian		23.1 *
					Geringian		24.7 *
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene		Geringian		27.82
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene				29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene	Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			33.9
		Priabonian	Late Eocene				37
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene				37.71
		Bartonian		Late Uintan/Early Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian		Late Uintan/Early Uintan			41.2
		Lutetian		Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			46.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			47.8
				Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean			50.5
						Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	56
		Thanetian	Late Paleocene			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	56.2
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	59.2
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene			To3/To2/To1	60.9
		Danian	Early Paleocene			To3/To2/To1	61.6
		Danian	Early Paleocene			Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	63.8
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