PBDB Timescale

Carboniferous of North America

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 12 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 2887 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of North America	Permian of China	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of the Pamirs
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Tertiary †					2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian											11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian			Melekhovian					Dorashamian	251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian								Dorashamian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian					Longtanian †			Dzhulfian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Laibinian					Longtanian †			Dzhulfian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan								Midian	259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian									264.28
							Noginskian						264.9 *
												Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian										Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian								Kubergandian	273.01
							Pavlovoposadian					Kubergandian	276.8 *
												Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian											283.5
				Longlinian									285.4 *
												Yakhtashian	286
							Rusavkinian					Yakhtashian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian										Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Bursumian †	Zisongian	Asselian	293.52
		Asselian	Bursumian †		Asselian	Kuzel				297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian		Late Pennsylvanian						298.9
											300.1
						Stephanian					Stephanian C	300.3 *
											Stephanian B	300.9 *
											Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian	Missourian				Dorogomilovian					303.7
							Khamovnikian					304.8
							Khamovnikian				Cantabrian	305 *
							Krevyakinian					305.8 *
			Desmoinesian				Krevyakinian					305.9 *
		Moscovian			Myachkovian		Middle Pennsylvanian					307
					Myachkovian	Westphalian					Westphalian D	307.4 *
					Podolskian						Westphalian D	308.9 *
					Podolskian						Westphalian C	309.8
					Kashirian							311.4 *
			Atokan		Kashirian			312.7 *
					Vereian			313.8
					Vereian			Westphalian B			314.6
					Melekessian						314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian		Early Pennsylvanian				315.2
					Cheremshanian						316.9 *
								Westphalian A			317 *
			Morrowan								318.4 *
					Prikamian						318.6 *
					Prikamian	Namurian		Yeadonian			318.8 *
					Severokeltmian			Yeadonian			319.9 *
					Severokeltmian			Marsdenian			320.2 *
					Krasnopolyanian			Marsdenian			321.2 *
					Krasnopolyanian			Kinderscoutian			321.5 *
					Voznesenian			Kinderscoutian			321.9 *
								Alportian			322 *
								Chokierian			323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian		Zapaltjubian		Late Mississippian	Chokierian			323.2
					Zapaltjubian			Arnsbergian			324 *
					Protvian						324.4 *
					Steshevian						326.8 *
					Steshevian			Pendleian			327.4 *
					Tarusian			Pendleian			329 *
		Visean			Warnantian	Brigantian †	Venevian	Middle Mississippian			330.9
							Mikhailovian				331.9 *
							Aleksinian				333.7 *
			Meramecian				Tulian				335.8 *
					Livian	Asbian †	Tulian				336.3 *
					Livian	Asbian †	Bobrikian				339.9 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian					340.2 *
			Osagean								343.1 *
							Radaevkian				343.4 *
		Tournaisian			Ivorian		Kosvian	Early Mississippian			346.7
							Kizelian				350.7 *
			Kinderhookian				Cherepetian		351.9 *
					Hastarian		Cherepetian		353.7 *
							Karakubian		354.4 *
							Upinian		356.3 *
							Malevkian		357.6 *
							Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †					497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †	504.5
													509