PBDB Timescale

Carboniferous of North America

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 12 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 2887 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of North America	Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Carboniferous Subepochs
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †					2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian						Melekhovian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian				Longtanian †				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Midian								259.51
		Wordian										264.28
										Noginskian		264.9 *
				Murgabian								266.2 *
		Roadian		Murgabian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kubergandian								273.01
				Kubergandian						Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
				Bolorian								279.8
		Artinskian		Bolorian								283.5
				Yakhtashian								286
				Yakhtashian						Rusavkinian		287.6 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian	Bursumian †	Asselian								293.52
		Asselian	Bursumian †	Asselian	Kuzel							297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian		Kuzel						Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
					Stephanian	Stephanian C			300.3 *
						Stephanian B			300.9 *
						Stephanian A			301.4 *
		Kasimovian	Missourian						Dorogomilovian	303.7
									Khamovnikian	304.8
						Cantabrian			Khamovnikian	305 *
									Krevyakinian	305.8 *
			Desmoinesian						Krevyakinian	305.9 *
		Moscovian							Myachkovian	Middle Pennsylvanian	307
					Westphalian	Westphalian D			Myachkovian		307.4 *
						Westphalian D			Podolskian		308.9 *
						Westphalian C			Podolskian		309.8
									Kashirian		311.4 *
			Atokan						Kashirian		312.7 *
									Vereian		313.8
						Westphalian B			Vereian		314.6
									Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian		Melekessian	315.2
									Cheremshanian	316.9 *
						Westphalian A				317 *
			Morrowan							318.4 *
									Prikamian	318.6 *
					Namurian	Yeadonian			Prikamian	318.8 *
						Yeadonian			Severokeltmian	319.9 *
						Marsdenian			Severokeltmian	320.2 *
						Marsdenian			Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
						Kinderscoutian			Krasnopolyanian	321.5 *
						Kinderscoutian			Voznesenian	321.9 *
						Alportian				322 *
						Chokierian				323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian			Chokierian	Zapaltjubian		Late Mississippian	323.2
						Arnsbergian	Zapaltjubian			324 *
							Protvian			324.4 *
							Steshevian			326.8 *
						Pendleian	Steshevian			327.4 *
						Pendleian	Tarusian			329 *
		Visean			Warnantian	Brigantian †	Venevian		Middle Mississippian	330.9
							Mikhailovian			331.9 *
							Aleksinian			333.7 *
			Meramecian				Tulian			335.8 *
					Livian	Asbian †	Tulian			336.3 *
					Livian	Asbian †	Bobrikian			339.9 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian				340.2 *
			Osagean							343.1 *
							Radaevkian			343.4 *
		Tournaisian			Ivorian		Kosvian		Early Mississippian	346.7
							Kizelian			350.7 *
			Kinderhookian				Cherepetian			351.9 *
					Hastarian		Cherepetian			353.7 *
							Karakubian	354.4 *
							Upinian	356.3 *
							Malevkian	357.6 *
							Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †					497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †	504.5
												509