PBDB Timescale

Carboniferous of Western Europe

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 12 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 3291 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous of North America	Carboniferous Subepochs	Carboniferous of China
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Serravallian									11.63
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Artinskian									283.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian						Bursumian †			293.52
		Asselian	Kuzel					Bursumian †			297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Virgilian	Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
										Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Stephanian	Stephanian C							300.3 *
				Stephanian B							300.9 *
				Stephanian A							301.4 *
		Kasimovian		Stephanian A				Missourian			303.7
				Cantabrian							305 *
							Dalaun			305.8 *
								Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian							Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Westphalian	Westphalian D						307.4 *
				Westphalian C						309.8
				Westphalian C				Atokan		312.7 *
				Westphalian B						314.6
		Bashkirian		Westphalian B					Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
				Westphalian A						317 *
								Morrowan		318.4 *
							Huashibanian			318.5 *
			Namurian	Yeadonian						318.8 *
				Marsdenian						320.2 *
				Marsdenian			Lousuan			321.2 *
				Kinderscoutian						321.5 *
				Alportian						322 *
				Chokierian						323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chokierian	Chesterian		Late Mississippian	Dewunian	323.2
				Arnsbergian					324 *
				Pendleian					327.4 *
				Pendleian				Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †			Middle Mississippian	Shangsian	330.9
								Jiusian	335 *
					Meramecian				335.8 *
			Livian	Asbian †					336.3 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian					340.2 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	Osagean				343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian		Osagean		Early Mississippian	Tangbagouan	346.7
			Ivorian		Kinderhookian				351.9 *
			Hastarian		Kinderhookian				353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †			497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †	504.5
											509