PBDB Timescale

Carboniferous of Western Europe

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 12 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 3291 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of China	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Carboniferous of China	Carboniferous Subepochs
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Tertiary †							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian											11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Dorashamian				Meishanian				251.902
		Changhsingian			Dorashamian				Baoqingian				253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Dzhulfian		Longtanian †		Laoshanian				254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Dzhulfian		Longtanian †		Laibinian				257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Midian				Lengwuan				259.51
		Wordian			Midian				Kuhfengian				264.28
		Wordian			Murgabian								266.2 *
		Roadian			Murgabian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian				Luodianian				273.01
		Kungurian			Bolorian								279.8
		Artinskian											283.5
									Longlinian				285.4 *
					Yakhtashian								286
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian			Asselian				Zisongian				293.52
		Asselian	Kuzel		Asselian								297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Mapingian †		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
				Xiaodushanian				300 *
									300.1
			Stephanian						Stephanian C		300.3 *
									Stephanian B		300.9 *
									Stephanian A		301.4 *
		Kasimovian							Stephanian A		303.7
									Cantabrian		305 *
				Dalaun							305.8 *
											305.9
		Moscovian									Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Westphalian						Westphalian D			307.4 *
									Westphalian C			309.8
									Westphalian B			314.6
		Bashkirian							Westphalian B		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
									Westphalian A			317 *
				Huashibanian					Westphalian A			318.5 *
			Namurian						Yeadonian			318.8 *
						Marsdenian			320.2 *
				Lousuan		Marsdenian			321.2 *
						Kinderscoutian			321.5 *
						Alportian			322 *
						Chokierian			323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Dewunian		Chokierian			Late Mississippian		323.2
						Arnsbergian					324 *
						Pendleian					327.4 *
				Shangsian		Pendleian					330.8 *
		Visean	Warnantian	Shangsian		Brigantian †			Middle Mississippian		330.9
			Warnantian	Jiusian		Brigantian †					335 *
			Livian			Asbian †					336.3 *
			Moliniacian			Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian					340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian			Tangbagouan			Early Mississippian		346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian			Tangbagouan			Early Mississippian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									393.3
		Pragian									407.6
		Lochkovian									410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
		Katian									445.2
		Sandbian									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †				497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †	504.5
													509