PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ten Million Year Bins	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Cenozoic 6		0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Calabrian												0.774
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Tertiary †										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian										Cenozoic 5		11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Cenozoic 4		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										Cenozoic 4		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										Cenozoic 3		33.9
		Bartonian										Cenozoic 3		37.71
		Lutetian										Cenozoic 2		41.2
		Ypresian										Cenozoic 2		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Cenozoic 1		56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Cretaceous 8		66
		Campanian										Cretaceous 7		72.1
		Santonian										Cretaceous 6		83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian										Cretaceous 5		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										Cretaceous 4		100.5
		Aptian										Cretaceous 3		113
		Barremian										Cretaceous 2		121.4
		Hauterivian										Cretaceous 2		125.77
		Valanginian										Cretaceous 1		132.6
		Berriasian										Cretaceous 1		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan				Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan				Jurassic 5		149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan						150
								Heterian						154.5
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Callovian						Temaikan						164.3
		Bathonian										Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian										Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian										Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan						176
		Pliensbachian						Ururoan				Jurassic 2		184.2
		Pliensbachian						Aratauran				Jurassic 2		188.9
		Sinemurian										Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian										Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian				Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian						Warepan						208.5
								Otamitan						217
								Oretian						221
		Carnian						Oretian				Triassic 3		227
		Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan				Triassic 3		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan				Triassic 2		237
		Ladinian						Etalian						238
		Anisian						Etalian						242
		Anisian						Malakovian						246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian	Vokhmian			Triassic 1		247.2
		Olenekian						Nelsonian						249
		Induan	251.2					Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville		Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	Meishanian		Permian 4	Melekhovian	251.902
					Waiitian	Meishanian				253.2
						Baoqingian				253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian	Longtanian †			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Zechstein	254.14
					Puruhauan	Laoshanian						254.2
					Puruhauan	Laibinian						257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan			Aparima	Flettian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian							Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.28
									Noginskian			264.9 *
							Barettian					266
		Roadian						Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian							Permian 2		273.01
							Mangapirian					276
									Pavlovoposadian			276.8 *
		Artinskian									Autunian	283.5
							Telfordian					285
			Longlinian									285.4 *
									Rusavkinian			287.6 *
												288.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian							Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian							Mapingian †	Late Pennsylvanian	Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Gzhelian		300.1
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian					303.7
				Khamovnikian					304.8
				Krevyakinian					305.8 *
				Krevyakinian						305.9
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian						Carboniferous 4	Myachkovian	307
											Podolskian	308.9 *
											Kashirian	311.4 *
											Vereian	313.8
											Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian							Melekessian	315.2
											Cheremshanian	316.9 *
											Prikamian	318.6 *
											Severokeltmian	319.9 *
											Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
											Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian						Carboniferous 3	Zapaltjubian	323.2
											Protvian	324.4 *
											Steshevian	326.8 *
											Tarusian	329 *
		Visean		Middle Mississippian						Carboniferous 2	Venevian	330.9
											Mikhailovian	331.9 *
											Aleksinian	333.7 *
											Tulian	335.8 *
											Bobrikian	339.9 *
											Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian						Carboniferous 1	Kosvian	346.7
											Kizelian	350.7 *
											Cherepetian	351.9 *
											Karakubian	354.4 *
											Upinian	356.3 *
											Malevkian	357.6 *
											Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian								Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian								Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
		Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5					443.8
		Katian			Ordovician 5					445.2
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			Ordovician 2					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ordovician 2			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5			485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †			Cambrian 4		497
		Drumian						Cambrian 4		500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †	Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3					Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1				529
														538.8