PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Russian Platform		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of the Salt Range	Permian of North America		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Tertiary †												2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian														11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan								145
		Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan								150
								Heterian								154.5
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Callovian						Temaikan								164.3
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan								176
		Pliensbachian						Ururoan								184.2
		Pliensbachian						Aratauran								188.9
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
		Norian						Warepan								208.5
								Otamitan								217
								Oretian								221
		Carnian						Oretian								227
		Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan								237
		Ladinian						Etalian								238
		Anisian						Etalian								242
		Anisian						Malakovian								246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian			Vokhmian					247.2
		Olenekian						Nelsonian								249
		Induan						Nelsonian								251.2
		Induan					DUrville	Makarewan				Kathwai				251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian									Kathwai				251.902
																252.4 *
												Chhidru				252.9 *
								Waiitian								253.2
			Baoqingian													253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian		Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			254.14
								Puruhauan	254.2
									Kalabagh	255 *
									Wargal	256 *
										Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
			Laibinian								Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan			Aparima	Flettian	Severodvinian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian					Urzhumian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	Wordian	264.28
													265.3 *
							Barettian						266
									Amb				266.1 *
		Roadian						Kazanian	Amb	Povolzhian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Roadian	266.9
		Roadian						Kazanian	Sokian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Roadian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian					Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
							Mangapirian		Irenian/Ufimian					276
									Filipovian					276.5 *
									Saraninian					280.1 *
				Hessian					Saraninian				281.9 *
		Artinskian						Artinskian	Sarginian				283.5
							Telfordian						285
			Longlinian										285.4 *
									Irginian				285.9 *
				Wolfcampian					Irginian			Lenoxian	286.1 *
									Burtsevian				287.8 *
									Burtsevian				288.5
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian				290.1
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Tastubian				291.7 *
		Asselian	Zisongian					Asselian	Shikhanian			Nealian	293.52
									Uskalykian				294.8
									Surenian				297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											Mapingian †	298.9
		Gzhelian												300.1
		Kasimovian												303.7
		Kasimovian												305.9
		Moscovian												307
		Bashkirian												315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian												323.2
		Visean												330.9
		Tournaisian												346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian												358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian												372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian												382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian												387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian												393.3
		Pragian												407.6
		Lochkovian												410.8
Silurian	Pridoli													419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian												423
	Ludlow	Gorstian												425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian												427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian												430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian												433.4
		Aeronian												438.5
		Rhuddanian												440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian												443.8
		Katian												445.2
		Sandbian												453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian												467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian												470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian												477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												485.4
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Series 3 †	497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †										504.5
																509