PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of North America		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Carboniferous of North America	Permian of Western Europe	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Tertiary †										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian							Melekhovian				251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian											253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian		Longtanian †							Zechstein	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian		Longtanian †							Zechstein	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan					Capitanian				Rotliegendes	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian					Wordian					Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian						Wordian		Noginskian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.9 *
		Roadian						Roadian					Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian					Leonardian	Cathedralian					273.01
									Cathedralian	Pavlovoposadian				276.8 *
									Hessian					281.9 *
		Artinskian										Autunian		283.5
			Longlinian											285.4 *
								Wolfcampian	Lenoxian					286.1 *
										Rusavkinian				287.6 *
		Sakmarian												290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian						Nealian		Bursumian †			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian			Late Pennsylvanian			Virgilian			298.9
		Gzhelian							Virgilian			300.1
		Kasimovian							Dorogomilovian	Missourian		303.7
									Khamovnikian			304.8
									Krevyakinian			305.8 *
									Krevyakinian	Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian			Myachkovian			307
									Podolskian			308.9 *
									Kashirian			311.4 *
									Kashirian	Atokan		312.7 *
									Vereian			313.8
									Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian			Melekessian			315.2
									Cheremshanian			316.9 *
									Cheremshanian	Morrowan		318.4 *
									Prikamian			318.6 *
									Severokeltmian			319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian					321.2 *
				Voznesenian					321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian		Zapaltjubian			Chesterian	323.2
						Protvian				324.4 *
						Steshevian				326.8 *
						Tarusian				329 *
		Visean		Middle Mississippian		Venevian				330.9
						Mikhailovian				331.9 *
						Aleksinian				333.7 *
						Tulian			Meramecian	335.8 *
						Bobrikian			Meramecian	339.9 *
						Bobrikian			Osagean	343.1 *
						Radaevkian				343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian		Kosvian				346.7
						Kizelian				350.7 *
						Cherepetian			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
						Karakubian				354.4 *
						Upinian				356.3 *
						Malevkian				357.6 *
						Gumerovian				358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †					497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	504.5
														509