PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous of North America	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Tertiary †								2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Oteke	Puaroan			145
		Kimmeridgian						Oteke	Puaroan			149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan			150
									Heterian			154.5
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Callovian							Temaikan			164.3
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Toarcian						Herangi	Ururoan			176
		Pliensbachian							Ururoan			184.2
		Pliensbachian							Aratauran			188.9
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
		Norian							Warepan			208.5
									Otamitan			217
									Oretian			221
		Carnian							Oretian			227
		Carnian						Gore	Kaihikuan			227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Kaihikuan			237
		Ladinian							Etalian			238
		Anisian							Etalian			242
		Anisian							Malakovian			246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							Malakovian		Vokhmian	247.2
		Olenekian							Nelsonian			249
		Induan							Nelsonian			251.2
		Induan						DUrville	Makarewan			251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian						Makarewan			251.902
			Meishanian						Waiitian			253.2
			Baoqingian									253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian		Longtanian †						Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
			Laoshanian						Puruhauan			254.2
			Laibinian			257.7 *			Puruhauan
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan			Aparima	Flettian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian				Flettian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian					Barettian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	266
		Roadian						Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian						273.01
		Kungurian					Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian					Mangapirian		283.5
							Telfordian		285
			Longlinian				Telfordian		285.4 *
									288.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian						Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian						Virgilian	Mapingian †	298.9
		Gzhelian							Virgilian		300.1
		Kasimovian							Missourian		303.7
		Kasimovian							Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian		307					Desmoinesian
		Moscovian		Atokan					312.7 *
		Bashkirian		Atokan					315.2
		Bashkirian		Morrowan					318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian					323.2
		Visean		Chesterian					330.9
				Meramecian					335.8 *
				Osagean					343.1 *
		Tournaisian		Osagean					346.7
		Tournaisian		Kinderhookian					351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †		497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †						504.5
												509