PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of the Pamirs	Permian of North America		Permian of the Russian Platform		Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous of North America	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Cenozoic 6			0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Tertiary †											2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian										Cenozoic 5			11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Cenozoic 4			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										Cenozoic 4			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										Cenozoic 3			33.9
		Bartonian										Cenozoic 3			37.71
		Lutetian										Cenozoic 2			41.2
		Ypresian										Cenozoic 2			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Cenozoic 1			56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Cretaceous 8			66
		Campanian										Cretaceous 7			72.1
		Santonian										Cretaceous 6			83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian										Cretaceous 5			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										Cretaceous 4			100.5
		Aptian										Cretaceous 3			113
		Barremian										Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian										Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian										Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian										Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian										Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian										Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian										Jurassic 4			168.2
		Aalenian										Jurassic 3			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										Jurassic 3			174.7
		Pliensbachian										Jurassic 2			184.2
		Sinemurian										Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian										Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian										Triassic 4			208.5
		Carnian										Triassic 3			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										Triassic 2			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										Triassic 2			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										Triassic 1		Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										Triassic 1		Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian				Dorashamian					Permian 4			251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian				Dorashamian								253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian		Longtanian †		Dzhulfian							Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
			Laoshanian							Tatarian	Vyatkian				256.8 *
			Laibinian								Vyatkian				257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan				Midian	Capitanian			Severodvinian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian				Midian	Wordian			Urzhumian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian					Murgabian	Wordian			Urzhumian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	266.2 *
		Roadian						Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian	Permian 3		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
		Roadian						Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian	Permian 3		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian			Kubergandian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	Permian 2	273.01
						Kubergandian				Filipovian		276.5 *
						Bolorian				Filipovian		279.8
										Saraninian		280.1 *
								Hessian		Saraninian		281.9 *
		Artinskian							Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
			Longlinian							Sarginian		285.4 *
										Irginian		285.9 *
						Yakhtashian						286
							Wolfcampian	Lenoxian				286.1 *
										Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian	Zisongian			Asselian		Nealian	Asselian	Shikhanian	Permian 1	Bursumian †	293.52
										Uskalykian			294.8
										Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									Mapingian †	Carboniferous 5	Virgilian	298.9
		Gzhelian											Virgilian	300.1
		Kasimovian											Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian											Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian										Carboniferous 4	Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian											Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian											Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian											Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3								Chesterian	323.2
		Visean		Carboniferous 2								Chesterian	330.9
												Meramecian	335.8 *
												Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1								Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1								Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2									393.3
		Pragian		Devonian 1									407.6
		Lochkovian		Devonian 1									410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian											423
	Ludlow	Gorstian											425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian											427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1									433.4
		Aeronian											438.5
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5									443.8
		Katian		Ordovician 5									445.2
		Sandbian		Ordovician 4									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3									458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		Ordovician 2									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ordovician 2									470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1									477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5									485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †									Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian											Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †								Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3											Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											Cambrian 1	529
															538.8