PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of the Russian Platform		Carboniferous of North America	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Tertiary †								2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan									145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan									149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan									150
					Heterian									154.5
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan									164.3
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan									176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan									184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran									188.9
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian									201.4
		Norian			Warepan									208.5
					Otamitan									217
					Oretian									221
		Carnian			Oretian									227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan									227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan									237
		Ladinian			Etalian									238
		Anisian			Etalian									242
		Anisian			Malakovian									246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian								Vokhmian	247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian									249
		Induan			Nelsonian									251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan									251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian		Makarewan									251.902
			Meishanian		Waiitian									253.2
			Baoqingian											253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian				Longtanian †						Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
					Puruhauan									254.2
								Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
			Laibinian						Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Aparima	Flettian				Severodvinian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian		Flettian				Urzhumian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian			Barettian				Urzhumian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	266
		Roadian						Kazanian	Povolzhian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
		Roadian						Kazanian	Sokian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian					Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
					Mangapirian				Irenian/Ufimian		276
									Filipovian		276.5 *
									Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian						Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
					Telfordian						285
			Longlinian								285.4 *
									Irginian		285.9 *
									Burtsevian		287.8 *
									Burtsevian		288.5
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian		Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Zisongian			Asselian		Shikhanian	Bursumian †		293.52
								Uskalykian			294.8
								Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Virgilian		Mapingian †	298.9
		Gzhelian							Virgilian			300.1
		Kasimovian							Missourian			303.7
		Kasimovian							Desmoinesian			305.9 *
		Moscovian							Desmoinesian			307
		Moscovian							Atokan			312.7 *
		Bashkirian							Atokan			315.2
		Bashkirian							Morrowan			318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Chesterian			323.2
		Visean							Chesterian			330.9
									Meramecian			335.8 *
									Osagean			343.1 *
		Tournaisian							Osagean			346.7
		Tournaisian							Kinderhookian			351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian										372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian										382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian										387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian										393.3
		Pragian										407.6
		Lochkovian										410.8
Silurian	Pridoli											419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian										433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
		Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										443.8
		Katian										445.2
		Sandbian										453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian										467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian										477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †						504.5
														509