PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of the Salt Range	Carboniferous Subepochs
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Tertiary †						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan							145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan							150
					Heterian							154.5
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan							164.3
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan							176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan							184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran							188.9
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian							201.4
		Norian			Warepan							208.5
					Otamitan							217
					Oretian							221
		Carnian			Oretian							227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan							227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan							237
		Ladinian			Etalian							238
		Anisian			Etalian							242
		Anisian			Malakovian							246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian				Vokhmian			247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian							249
		Induan			Nelsonian							251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan					Kathwai		251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian							Kathwai		251.902
												252.4 *
										Chhidru		252.9 *
					Waiitian							253.2
			Baoqingian									253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian				Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
					Puruhauan				254.2
									Kalabagh	255 *
									Wargal	256 *
			Laibinian							257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Aparima	Flettian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian					Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.28
										265.3 *
					Barettian					266
									Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian						Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Amb	266.9
		Roadian						Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian							273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian					276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian					283.5
					Telfordian					285
			Longlinian		Telfordian					285.4 *
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian			Late Pennsylvanian				298.9
		Gzhelian								300.1
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian				307
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian				323.2
		Visean				Middle Mississippian				330.9
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †				504.5
												509