PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of North America	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian Subages of Germany	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian											11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan								145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan								150
					Heterian								154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan								164.3
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan								176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan								184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran								188.9
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
		Norian			Warepan								208.5
					Otamitan								217
					Oretian								221
		Carnian			Oretian								227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan								237
		Ladinian			Etalian								238
		Anisian			Etalian								242
		Anisian			Malakovian								246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian								247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian								249
		Induan	251.2		Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Meishanian	Melekhovian	Buntsandstein	251.902
				Waiitian	Meishanian			253.2
					Baoqingian			253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian			Longtanian †	254.14
				Puruhauan					254.2
									Tatarian	Vyatkian		256.8 *
					Laibinian					Vyatkian		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Aparima	Flettian		Severodvinian	Ohre/Aller				259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian				Urzhumian	Leine				264.28
						Noginskian						264.9 *
					Barettian							266
		Roadian					Kazanian	Povolzhian				266.9
		Roadian					Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				273.01
					Mangapirian			Irenian/Ufimian				276
								Filipovian				276.5 *
						Pavlovoposadian		Filipovian				276.8 *
								Saraninian				280.1 *
		Artinskian					Artinskian	Sarginian				283.5
					Telfordian							285
			Longlinian									285.4 *
								Irginian				285.9 *
						Rusavkinian		Irginian			287.6 *
								Burtsevian			287.8 *
								Burtsevian			288.5
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian	Zisongian				Bursumian †	Asselian			Shikhanian	293.52
											Uskalykian	294.8
											Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Virgilian					298.9
		Gzhelian					Virgilian					300.1
		Kasimovian				Missourian	Dorogomilovian					303.7
							Khamovnikian					304.8
							Krevyakinian					305.8 *
						Desmoinesian	Krevyakinian					305.9 *
		Moscovian					Myachkovian					307
							Podolskian					308.9 *
							Kashirian					311.4 *
						Atokan	Kashirian					312.7 *
							Vereian					313.8
							Melekessian					314.8
		Bashkirian					Melekessian					315.2
							Cheremshanian					316.9 *
						Morrowan	Cheremshanian					318.4 *
							Prikamian					318.6 *
							Severokeltmian					319.9 *
							Krasnopolyanian					321.2 *
							Voznesenian					321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chesterian	Zapaltjubian					323.2
							Protvian					324.4 *
							Steshevian					326.8 *
							Tarusian					329 *
		Visean					Venevian					330.9
							Mikhailovian					331.9 *
							Aleksinian					333.7 *
						Meramecian	Tulian					335.8 *
						Meramecian	Bobrikian					339.9 *
						Osagean	Bobrikian					343.1 *
							Radaevkian					343.4 *
		Tournaisian					Kosvian					346.7
							Kizelian					350.7 *
						Kinderhookian	Cherepetian					351.9 *
							Karakubian					354.4 *
							Upinian					356.3 *
							Malevkian					357.6 *
							Gumerovian					358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian										372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian										382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian										387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
													419.2