PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permian of the Russian Platform		Carboniferous of North America	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian Subages of Germany
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Cenozoic 6		0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †					2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian											Cenozoic 5		11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Cenozoic 4		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											Cenozoic 4		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											Cenozoic 3		33.9
		Bartonian											Cenozoic 3		37.71
		Lutetian											Cenozoic 2		41.2
		Ypresian											Cenozoic 2		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Cenozoic 1		56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Cretaceous 8		66
		Campanian											Cretaceous 7		72.1
		Santonian											Cretaceous 6		83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian											Cretaceous 5		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											Cretaceous 4		100.5
		Aptian											Cretaceous 3		113
		Barremian											Cretaceous 2		121.4
		Hauterivian											Cretaceous 2		125.77
		Valanginian											Cretaceous 1		132.6
		Berriasian											Cretaceous 1		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan								Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan								Jurassic 5		149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan										150
					Heterian										154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan										164.3
		Bathonian											Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian											Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian											Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan										176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan								Jurassic 2		184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran								Jurassic 2		188.9
		Sinemurian											Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian											Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian								Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian			Warepan										208.5
					Otamitan										217
					Oretian										221
		Carnian			Oretian								Triassic 3		227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan								Triassic 3		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan								Triassic 2		237
		Ladinian			Etalian										238
		Anisian			Etalian										242
		Anisian			Malakovian										246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian								Triassic 1		247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian										249
		Induan	251.2		Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Meishanian	Permian 4	Buntsandstein	251.902
				Waiitian	Meishanian			253.2
					Baoqingian			253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian			Longtanian †	254.14
				Puruhauan					254.2
									Tatarian		Vyatkian	256.8 *
					Laibinian						Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Aparima	Flettian		Severodvinian				Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian		Flettian		Urzhumian				Leine	264.28
		Wordian			Barettian		Urzhumian				Leine	266
		Roadian				Kazanian	Povolzhian		Permian 3			266.9
		Roadian				Kazanian	Sokian		Permian 3			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		Permian 2			273.01
					Mangapirian		Irenian/Ufimian					276
							Filipovian					276.5 *
							Saraninian					280.1 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian					283.5
					Telfordian							285
			Longlinian									285.4 *
							Irginian					285.9 *
							Burtsevian					287.8 *
							Burtsevian					288.5
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian	Zisongian			Asselian	Shikhanian		Bursumian †	Permian 1		293.52
							Uskalykian					294.8
							Surenian					297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †				Virgilian		Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Gzhelian								Virgilian			300.1
		Kasimovian								Missourian			303.7
		Kasimovian								Desmoinesian			305.9 *
		Moscovian								Desmoinesian		Carboniferous 4	307
		Moscovian								Atokan			312.7 *
		Bashkirian								Atokan			315.2
		Bashkirian								Morrowan			318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Chesterian		Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean								Chesterian		Carboniferous 2	330.9
										Meramecian			335.8 *
										Osagean			343.1 *
		Tournaisian								Osagean		Carboniferous 1	346.7
		Tournaisian								Kinderhookian		Carboniferous 1	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian										Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian										Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian										Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian										Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian										Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian										Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli											Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian											423
	Ludlow	Gorstian											425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian											427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian										Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian											438.5
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian										Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian										Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian										Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian										Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian										Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian											Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †					Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3											Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											Cambrian 1	529
															538.8