PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of China	Permian of the Pamirs	Ten Million Year Bins	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Cenozoic 6				0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian						Cenozoic 5				11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Cenozoic 4				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian						Cenozoic 4				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						Cenozoic 3				33.9
		Bartonian						Cenozoic 3				37.71
		Lutetian						Cenozoic 2				41.2
		Ypresian						Cenozoic 2				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Cenozoic 1				56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Cretaceous 8				66
		Campanian						Cretaceous 7				72.1
		Santonian						Cretaceous 6				83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian						Cretaceous 5				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Cretaceous 4				100.5
		Aptian						Cretaceous 3				113
		Barremian						Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian						Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian						Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian						Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan			Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan			Jurassic 5				149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan							150
					Heterian							154.5
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan							164.3
		Bathonian						Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian						Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian						Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan							176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan			Jurassic 2				184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran			Jurassic 2				188.9
		Sinemurian						Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian						Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian			Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian			Warepan							208.5
					Otamitan							217
					Oretian							221
		Carnian			Oretian			Triassic 3				227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan			Triassic 3				227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan			Triassic 2				237
		Ladinian			Etalian							238
		Anisian			Etalian							242
		Anisian			Malakovian							246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian			Triassic 1				247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian							249
		Induan	251.2		Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Meishanian	Dorashamian	Permian 4	251.902
				Waiitian	Meishanian			253.2
					Baoqingian			253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian	Dzhulfian		Longtanian †		254.14
				Puruhauan	Laoshanian					254.2
				Puruhauan	Laibinian					257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Aparima	Flettian	Midian				259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian		Flettian					264.28
					Barettian					266
						Murgabian				266.2 *
		Roadian				Murgabian	Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian			Kubergandian	Permian 2			273.01
					Mangapirian	Kubergandian				276
						Bolorian				279.8
		Artinskian								283.5
					Telfordian					285
			Longlinian							285.4 *
						Yakhtashian				286
						Yakhtashian				288.5
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian			Asselian	Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Carboniferous 5			298.9
									Xiaodushanian	300 *
										300.1
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Kasimovian							Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian					Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian								315.2
									Huashibanian	318.5 *
									Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Dewunian		Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Serpukhovian					Shangsian		Carboniferous 3	330.8 *
		Visean					Shangsian		Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Visean					Jiusian		Carboniferous 2	335 *
		Tournaisian					Tangbagouan		Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian							Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian							Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian							Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian							Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Cambrian 4	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian							Cambrian 4		500.5
		Wuliuan						Cambrian 3	Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Cambrian 3			509
	Series 2	Stage 3						Cambrian 2			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Cambrian 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						Cambrian 1			529
												538.8