PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian of the Pamirs	Permian Subages of Germany	Permian of Western Europe	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan							145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan							150
					Heterian							154.5
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan							164.3
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan							176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan							184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran							188.9
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian							201.4
		Norian			Warepan							208.5
					Otamitan							217
					Oretian							221
		Carnian			Oretian							227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan							227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan							237
		Ladinian			Etalian							238
		Anisian			Etalian							242
		Anisian			Malakovian							246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian						Vokhmian	247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian							249
		Induan	251.2		Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Meishanian	Dorashamian	Buntsandstein		251.902
				Waiitian	Meishanian				253.2
					Baoqingian				253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian	Dzhulfian		Zechstein	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
				Puruhauan	Laoshanian					254.2
				Puruhauan	Laibinian					257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Aparima	Flettian	Midian	Ohre/Aller	Rotliegendes	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian		Flettian		Leine		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
					Barettian					266
						Murgabian				266.2 *
		Roadian				Murgabian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian			Kubergandian				273.01
					Mangapirian	Kubergandian				276
						Bolorian				279.8
		Artinskian						Autunian		283.5
					Telfordian					285
			Longlinian							285.4 *
						Yakhtashian				286
						Yakhtashian				288.5
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian			Asselian				293.52
		Asselian				Asselian				Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
											300.1
										Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
											Stephanian B	300.9 *
											Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian									Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian									Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian									Cantabrian	307
										Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
											Westphalian C	309.8
											Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian									Westphalian B	315.2
											Westphalian A	317 *
										Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
											Marsdenian	320.2 *
											Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
											Alportian	322 *
											Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian									Chokierian	323.2
											Arnsbergian	324 *
											Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean								Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
										Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
										Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian								Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian								Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian										372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian										382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian										387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian										393.3
		Pragian										407.6
		Lochkovian										410.8
												419.2