PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Salt Range	Carboniferous Subepochs	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian											11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan								145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan								150
					Heterian								154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan								164.3
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan								176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan								184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran								188.9
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
		Norian			Warepan								208.5
					Otamitan								217
					Oretian								221
		Carnian			Oretian								227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan								237
		Ladinian			Etalian								238
		Anisian			Etalian								242
		Anisian			Malakovian								246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian								247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian								249
		Induan			Nelsonian								251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	Kathwai							251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian			Kathwai							251.902
													252.4 *
						Chhidru							252.9 *
					Waiitian								253.2
			Baoqingian										253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian				Longtanian †	254.14
					Puruhauan			254.2
						Kalabagh		255 *
						Wargal		256 *
			Laibinian					257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Aparima	Flettian			259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian					264.28
								265.3 *
					Barettian			266
						Amb		266.1 *
		Roadian				Amb		266.9
		Roadian						270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian					273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian			276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian			283.5
					Telfordian			285
			Longlinian		Telfordian			285.4 *
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian					293.52
		Asselian						Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
										300.1
								Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
										Stephanian B	300.9 *
										Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian								Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian								Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian							Middle Pennsylvanian	Cantabrian	307
								Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
										Westphalian C	309.8
										Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian							Early Pennsylvanian	Westphalian B	315.2
										Westphalian A	317 *
								Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
										Marsdenian	320.2 *
										Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
										Alportian	322 *
										Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Late Mississippian	Chokierian	323.2
										Arnsbergian	324 *
										Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean						Middle Mississippian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
									Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
									Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian						Early Mississippian	Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian						Early Mississippian	Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									393.3
		Pragian									407.6
		Lochkovian									410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
		Katian									445.2
		Sandbian									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †				497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †	504.5
													509