PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Salt Range	Ten Million Year Bins	Permian Subages of Germany	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Carboniferous Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Cenozoic 6					0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian					Cenozoic 5					11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Cenozoic 4					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					Cenozoic 4					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Cenozoic 3					33.9
		Bartonian					Cenozoic 3					37.71
		Lutetian					Cenozoic 2					41.2
		Ypresian					Cenozoic 2					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Cenozoic 1					56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Cretaceous 8					66
		Campanian					Cretaceous 7					72.1
		Santonian					Cretaceous 6					83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian					Cretaceous 5					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Cretaceous 4					100.5
		Aptian					Cretaceous 3					113
		Barremian					Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian					Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian					Cretaceous 1					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan		Jurassic 6					145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan		Jurassic 5					149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan							150
					Heterian							154.5
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan							164.3
		Bathonian					Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian					Jurassic 4					168.2
		Aalenian					Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan							176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan		Jurassic 2					184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran		Jurassic 2					188.9
		Sinemurian					Jurassic 1					192.9
		Hettangian					Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian		Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian			Warepan							208.5
					Otamitan							217
					Oretian							221
		Carnian			Oretian		Triassic 3					227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan		Triassic 3					227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan		Triassic 2					237
		Ladinian			Etalian							238
		Anisian			Etalian							242
		Anisian			Malakovian							246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian		Triassic 1		Vokhmian			247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian							249
		Induan	251.2		Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Kathwai	Meishanian	Permian 4	Buntsandstein		251.902
										252.4 *
					Chhidru					252.9 *
				Waiitian						253.2
						Baoqingian				253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
				Puruhauan						254.2
					Kalabagh					255 *
					Wargal					256 *
						Laibinian				257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Aparima		Flettian		Ohre/Aller	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian					Leine	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
										265.3 *
						Barettian				266
					Amb					266.1 *
		Roadian			Amb		Permian 3		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
		Roadian					Permian 3		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian				Permian 2			273.01
		Kungurian				Mangapirian				276
		Artinskian				Mangapirian				283.5
						Telfordian				285
			Longlinian			Telfordian				285.4 *
										288.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian				Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian				Carboniferous 5			Mapingian †	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Gzhelian										300.1
		Kasimovian										303.7
		Kasimovian										305.9
		Moscovian					Carboniferous 4				Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian					Carboniferous 4				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Carboniferous 3				Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean					Carboniferous 2				Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian					Carboniferous 1				Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian					Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian					Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
		Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ordovician 5					443.8
		Katian					Ordovician 5					445.2
		Sandbian					Ordovician 4					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Ordovician 3					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					Ordovician 2					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ordovician 2					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Ordovician 1					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Cambrian 5					485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Cambrian 4					497
		Drumian					Cambrian 4					500.5
		Wuliuan					Cambrian 3					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Cambrian 3					509
	Series 2	Stage 3					Cambrian 2					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Cambrian 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					Cambrian 1					529
												538.8