PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian Subages of Germany	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of the Salt Range	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian											11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan								145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan								150
					Heterian								154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan								164.3
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan								176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan								184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran								188.9
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
		Norian			Warepan								208.5
					Otamitan								217
					Oretian								221
		Carnian			Oretian								227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan								237
		Ladinian			Etalian								238
		Anisian			Etalian								242
		Anisian			Malakovian								246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian								247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian								249
		Induan			Nelsonian								251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan				Kathwai				251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian			Buntsandstein	Melekhovian		Kathwai				251.902
													252.4 *
									Chhidru				252.9 *
					Waiitian								253.2
			Baoqingian										253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian					Longtanian †			Zechstein	254.14
					Puruhauan							254.2
									Kalabagh			255 *
									Wargal			256 *
			Laibinian									257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Aparima	Flettian	Ohre/Aller					Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian			Leine						264.28
							Noginskian					264.9 *
												265.3 *
					Barettian							266
									Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian							Amb			266.9
		Roadian										270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian									273.01
					Mangapirian							276
							Pavlovoposadian					276.8 *
		Artinskian									Autunian	283.5
					Telfordian					285
			Longlinian							285.4 *
							Rusavkinian			287.6 *
										288.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian							Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Gzhelian										300.1
		Kasimovian					Dorogomilovian					303.7
							Khamovnikian					304.8
							Krevyakinian					305.8 *
		Moscovian					Myachkovian			Middle Pennsylvanian		307
							Podolskian					308.9 *
							Kashirian					311.4 *
							Vereian					313.8
							Melekessian					314.8
		Bashkirian					Melekessian			Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
							Cheremshanian					316.9 *
							Prikamian					318.6 *
							Severokeltmian					319.9 *
							Krasnopolyanian					321.2 *
							Voznesenian					321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Zapaltjubian			Late Mississippian		323.2
							Protvian					324.4 *
							Steshevian					326.8 *
							Tarusian					329 *
		Visean					Venevian			Middle Mississippian		330.9
							Mikhailovian					331.9 *
							Aleksinian					333.7 *
							Tulian					335.8 *
							Bobrikian					339.9 *
							Radaevkian					343.4 *
		Tournaisian					Kosvian			Early Mississippian		346.7
							Kizelian					350.7 *
							Cherepetian					351.9 *
							Karakubian					354.4 *
							Upinian					356.3 *
							Malevkian					357.6 *
							Gumerovian					358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian										372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian										382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian										387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian										393.3
		Pragian										407.6
		Lochkovian										410.8
Silurian	Pridoli											419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian										433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †		497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †	504.5
													509