PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Carboniferous of North America	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian Subages of Germany	Ten Million Year Bins	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Carboniferous of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Cenozoic 6			0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Tertiary †							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian								Cenozoic 5			11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Cenozoic 4			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								Cenozoic 4			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Cenozoic 3			33.9
		Bartonian								Cenozoic 3			37.71
		Lutetian								Cenozoic 2			41.2
		Ypresian								Cenozoic 2			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Cenozoic 1			56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Cretaceous 8			66
		Campanian								Cretaceous 7			72.1
		Santonian								Cretaceous 6			83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian								Cretaceous 5			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Cretaceous 4			100.5
		Aptian								Cretaceous 3			113
		Barremian								Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian								Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian								Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian								Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian								Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian								Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian								Jurassic 4			168.2
		Aalenian								Jurassic 3			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Jurassic 3			174.7
		Pliensbachian								Jurassic 2			184.2
		Sinemurian								Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian								Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian								Triassic 4			208.5
		Carnian								Triassic 3			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Triassic 2			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian								Triassic 2			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								Triassic 1			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan								Triassic 1			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian						Buntsandstein	Permian 4			251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian										253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian				Longtanian †						254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian				Longtanian †						257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan						Ohre/Aller				259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian						Leine				264.28
		Roadian	Kuhfengian							Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian							Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian										283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian										285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian	Bursumian †	Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian	Virgilian			Carboniferous 5		Mapingian †	298.9
											Xiaodushanian	300 *
												300.1
		Kasimovian			Missourian							303.7
					Missourian						Dalaun	305.8 *
					Desmoinesian							305.9 *
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	Desmoinesian			Carboniferous 4				307
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	Atokan							312.7 *
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian	Atokan							315.2
					Morrowan							318.4 *
											Huashibanian	318.5 *
											Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian	Chesterian			Carboniferous 3			Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian				Carboniferous 3			Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean		Middle Mississippian				Carboniferous 2			Shangsian	330.9
											Jiusian	335 *
					Meramecian							335.8 *
					Osagean							343.1 *
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian	Osagean			Carboniferous 1			Tangbagouan	346.7
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian	Kinderhookian			Carboniferous 1			Tangbagouan	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian				Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian				Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ordovician 5		443.8
		Katian				Ordovician 5		445.2
		Sandbian				Ordovician 4		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Cambrian 5		485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †		Cambrian 4				497
		Drumian						Cambrian 4				500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	Cambrian 3				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Cambrian 3				509
	Series 2	Stage 3						Cambrian 2				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Cambrian 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						Cambrian 1				529
													538.8