PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Carboniferous of North America	Carboniferous of China	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian Subages of Germany	Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of North America		Permian of the Salt Range	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Cenozoic 6						0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian							Cenozoic 5						11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Cenozoic 4						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							Cenozoic 4						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Cenozoic 3						33.9
		Bartonian							Cenozoic 3						37.71
		Lutetian							Cenozoic 2						41.2
		Ypresian							Cenozoic 2						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Cenozoic 1						56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Cretaceous 8						66
		Campanian							Cretaceous 7						72.1
		Santonian							Cretaceous 6						83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian							Cretaceous 5						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Cretaceous 4						100.5
		Aptian							Cretaceous 3						113
		Barremian							Cretaceous 2						121.4
		Hauterivian							Cretaceous 2						125.77
		Valanginian							Cretaceous 1						132.6
		Berriasian							Cretaceous 1						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Jurassic 6						145
		Kimmeridgian							Jurassic 5						149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian							Jurassic 4						165.3
		Bajocian							Jurassic 4						168.2
		Aalenian							Jurassic 3						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Jurassic 3						174.7
		Pliensbachian							Jurassic 2						184.2
		Sinemurian							Jurassic 1						192.9
		Hettangian							Jurassic 1						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Triassic 4						201.4
		Norian							Triassic 4						208.5
		Carnian							Triassic 3						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Triassic 2						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian							Triassic 2						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							Triassic 1					Vokhmian	247.2
		Induan													251.2
		Induan										Kathwai			251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian				Dorashamian	Buntsandstein	Permian 4			Kathwai			251.902
															252.4 *
												Chhidru			252.9 *
			Baoqingian												253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian				Dzhulfian							Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
												Kalabagh			255 *
												Wargal			256 *
			Laibinian												257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan				Midian	Ohre/Aller		Capitanian				Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian	Leine	Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.28
										265.3 *
								Amb		266.1 *
							Murgabian			266.2 *
		Roadian			Permian 3	Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
		Roadian			Permian 3	Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian		Kubergandian	Permian 2	Leonardian		Cathedralian		273.01
					Bolorian				Cathedralian		279.8
									Hessian		281.9 *
		Artinskian									283.5
			Longlinian								285.4 *
					Yakhtashian						286
					Yakhtashian		Wolfcampian		Lenoxian		286.1 *
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian				Lenoxian		290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian		Bursumian †	Asselian			Permian 1		Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian	Virgilian			Carboniferous 5				Mapingian †	298.9
														Xiaodushanian	300 *
															300.1
		Kasimovian				Missourian									303.7
						Missourian								Dalaun	305.8 *
						Desmoinesian									305.9 *
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian	Desmoinesian			Carboniferous 4						307
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian	Atokan									312.7 *
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian	Atokan									315.2
						Morrowan									318.4 *
														Huashibanian	318.5 *
														Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian	Chesterian			Dewunian					Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian				Shangsian					Carboniferous 3	330.8 *
		Visean			Middle Mississippian				Shangsian					Carboniferous 2	330.9
									Jiusian						335 *
						Meramecian									335.8 *
						Osagean									343.1 *
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian	Osagean			Tangbagouan					Carboniferous 1	346.7
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian	Kinderhookian			Tangbagouan					Carboniferous 1	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian												Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian												Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian												Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian												Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian												Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian												Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian												Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli													Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian													423
	Ludlow	Gorstian													425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian													427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian													430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian												Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian													438.5
		Rhuddanian													440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian												Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian												Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian												Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian												Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian												Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian												Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian												Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan												Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3												Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												Cambrian 1	529
															538.8