PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of North America		Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous of China	Permian Subages of Germany	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous of North America	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †					2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian														11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian				Dorashamian		Buntsandstein							251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian				Dorashamian									253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian				Dzhulfian					Longtanian †			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian				Dzhulfian					Longtanian †			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan		Capitanian		Midian		Ohre/Aller						Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian		Wordian		Midian		Leine						Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian			Wordian		Murgabian		Leine						Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	266.2 *
		Roadian			Roadian		Murgabian								Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian		Leonardian	Cathedralian	Kubergandian									273.01
						Cathedralian	Bolorian									279.8
						Hessian										281.9 *
		Artinskian														283.5
			Longlinian													285.4 *
							Yakhtashian									286
					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	Yakhtashian									286.1 *
		Sakmarian				Lenoxian	Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian			Nealian	Asselian							Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian				Mapingian †		Virgilian			298.9
													Xiaodushanian	300 *
														300.1
		Kasimovian								Missourian				303.7
										Missourian			Dalaun	305.8 *
										Desmoinesian				305.9 *
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian						Desmoinesian				307
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian						Atokan				312.7 *
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian						Atokan				315.2
										Morrowan				318.4 *
													Huashibanian	318.5 *
													Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian						Dewunian			Chesterian	323.2
		Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian						Shangsian				330.8 *
		Visean		Middle Mississippian						Shangsian				330.9
										Jiusian				335 *
													Meramecian	335.8 *
											Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian						Tangbagouan	Osagean		346.7
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian						Tangbagouan	Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian											358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian											372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian											382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian											387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian											393.3
		Pragian											407.6
		Lochkovian											410.8
Silurian	Pridoli												419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian											423
	Ludlow	Gorstian											425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian											427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian											433.4
		Aeronian											438.5
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian											443.8
		Katian											445.2
		Sandbian											453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian											467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian											477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Series 3 †	497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †		504.5
																509