PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Carboniferous of North America	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian Subages of Germany
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian											11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian									Buntsandstein	251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian										253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian					Longtanian †					254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian					Longtanian †					257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan									Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian									Leine	264.28
		Roadian	Kuhfengian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian										273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian										283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian										285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian										290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian	Bursumian †									293.52
		Asselian		Bursumian †	Kuzel								297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Virgilian							Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
										Xiaodushanian			300 *
													300.1
					Stephanian	Stephanian C							300.3 *
						Stephanian B			300.9 *
						Stephanian A			301.4 *
		Kasimovian		Missourian		Stephanian A			303.7
						Cantabrian			305 *
									Dalaun	305.8 *
				Desmoinesian						305.9 *
		Moscovian								Middle Pennsylvanian	307
					Westphalian	Westphalian D					307.4 *
						Westphalian C					309.8
				Atokan		Westphalian C					312.7 *
						Westphalian B					314.6
		Bashkirian				Westphalian B				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
						Westphalian A					317 *
				Morrowan							318.4 *
									Huashibanian		318.5 *
					Namurian	Yeadonian					318.8 *
						Marsdenian					320.2 *
						Marsdenian	Lousuan		321.2 *
						Kinderscoutian			321.5 *
						Alportian			322 *
						Chokierian			323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian		Chokierian	Dewunian		Late Mississippian	323.2
						Arnsbergian				324 *
						Pendleian				327.4 *
						Pendleian	Shangsian			330.8 *
		Visean			Warnantian	Brigantian †	Shangsian		Middle Mississippian	330.9
							Jiusian			335 *
				Meramecian						335.8 *
					Livian	Asbian †				336.3 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian				340.2 *
				Osagean	Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian				343.1 *
		Tournaisian		Osagean	Ivorian		Tangbagouan		Early Mississippian	346.7
				Kinderhookian	Ivorian					351.9 *
				Kinderhookian	Hastarian					353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †		497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	504.5
													509