PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Carboniferous of North America	Permian of North America		Permian of Western Europe	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ten Million Year Bins	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Cenozoic 6			0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian							Cenozoic 5			11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Cenozoic 4			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							Cenozoic 4			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Cenozoic 3			33.9
		Bartonian							Cenozoic 3			37.71
		Lutetian							Cenozoic 2			41.2
		Ypresian							Cenozoic 2			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Cenozoic 1			56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Cretaceous 8			66
		Campanian							Cretaceous 7			72.1
		Santonian							Cretaceous 6			83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian							Cretaceous 5			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Cretaceous 4			100.5
		Aptian							Cretaceous 3			113
		Barremian							Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian							Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian							Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian							Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian							Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian							Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian							Jurassic 4			168.2
		Aalenian							Jurassic 3			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Jurassic 3			174.7
		Pliensbachian							Jurassic 2			184.2
		Sinemurian							Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian							Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian							Triassic 4			208.5
		Carnian							Triassic 3			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Triassic 2			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian							Triassic 2			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							Triassic 1		Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan							Triassic 1		Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian						Permian 4			251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian									253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian				Zechstein				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian				Zechstein				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan		Capitanian		Rotliegendes				Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian		Wordian						Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian	Kuhfengian		Roadian				Permian 3		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian		Leonardian	Cathedralian			Permian 2			273.01
		Kungurian				Hessian						281.9 *
		Artinskian					Autunian					283.5
			Longlinian	285.4 *
				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian			Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian		Bursumian †	Nealian		Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian	Virgilian				Late Pennsylvanian	Carboniferous 5	Mapingian †		298.9
		Gzhelian		Virgilian								300.1
		Kasimovian		Missourian								303.7
		Kasimovian		Desmoinesian								305.9 *
		Moscovian		Desmoinesian				Middle Pennsylvanian	Carboniferous 4			307
		Moscovian		Atokan				Middle Pennsylvanian				312.7 *
		Bashkirian		Atokan				Early Pennsylvanian				315.2
		Bashkirian		Morrowan				Early Pennsylvanian				318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian				Late Mississippian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean		Chesterian				Middle Mississippian	Carboniferous 2			330.9
				Meramecian								335.8 *
				Osagean								343.1 *
		Tournaisian		Osagean				Early Mississippian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
		Tournaisian		Kinderhookian				Early Mississippian	Carboniferous 1			351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian							Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian							Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
		Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Ordovician 5			443.8
		Katian							Ordovician 5			445.2
		Sandbian							Ordovician 4			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Ordovician 3			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							Ordovician 2			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Ordovician 2			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Cambrian 5			485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Cambrian 4			497
		Drumian							Cambrian 4			500.5
		Wuliuan							Cambrian 3			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Cambrian 3			509
	Series 2	Stage 3							Cambrian 2			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Cambrian 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							Cambrian 1			529
												538.8