PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Carboniferous of North America	Permian of the Salt Range	Ten Million Year Bins	Permian Subages of Germany	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Carboniferous Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6					0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5					11.63
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Cenozoic 4					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3					33.9
		Bartonian				Cenozoic 3					37.71
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2					41.2
		Ypresian				Cenozoic 2					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1					56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8					66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7					72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6					83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4					100.5
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3					113
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian				Cretaceous 1					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6					145
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5					149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian				Jurassic 4					168.2
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Jurassic 3					174.7
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2					184.2
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1					192.9
		Hettangian				Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian				Triassic 4					208.5
		Carnian				Triassic 3					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Triassic 2					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				Triassic 2					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Triassic 1		Vokhmian			247.2
		Induan									251.2
		Induan			Kathwai						251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian		Kathwai	Permian 4	Buntsandstein				251.902
											252.4 *
					Chhidru						252.9 *
			Baoqingian								253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian					Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			254.14
					Kalabagh						255 *
					Wargal						256 *
			Laibinian								257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan				Ohre/Aller	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian	Leine			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
								265.3 *
					Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian		Permian 3	Amb		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
		Roadian		Permian 3			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian					283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian					285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian					290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian	Bursumian †				Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian	Virgilian				Carboniferous 5	Mapingian †	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Gzhelian		Virgilian							300.1
		Kasimovian		Missourian							303.7
		Kasimovian		Desmoinesian							305.9 *
		Moscovian		Desmoinesian				Carboniferous 4		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Moscovian		Atokan						Middle Pennsylvanian	312.7 *
		Bashkirian		Atokan						Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Bashkirian		Morrowan						Early Pennsylvanian	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian				Carboniferous 3		Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean		Chesterian				Carboniferous 2		Middle Mississippian	330.9
				Meramecian							335.8 *
				Osagean							343.1 *
		Tournaisian		Osagean				Carboniferous 1		Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian		Kinderhookian				Carboniferous 1		Early Mississippian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian						Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian						Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ordovician 5			443.8
		Katian						Ordovician 5			445.2
		Sandbian						Ordovician 4			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Ordovician 3			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						Ordovician 2			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Ordovician 2			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Cambrian 5			485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Cambrian 4			497
		Drumian						Cambrian 4			500.5
		Wuliuan						Cambrian 3			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Cambrian 3			509
	Series 2	Stage 3						Cambrian 2			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Cambrian 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						Cambrian 1			529
											538.8