PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Carboniferous of North America	Permian of Western Europe	Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian Subages of Germany
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian											11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian			Dorashamian						Buntsandstein	251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian			Dorashamian							253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian		Zechstein	Dzhulfian				Longtanian †			254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian		Zechstein	Dzhulfian				Longtanian †			257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan		Rotliegendes	Midian						Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian			Midian						Leine	264.28
		Wordian				Murgabian						Leine	266.2 *
		Roadian				Murgabian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian			Kubergandian							273.01
		Kungurian				Bolorian							279.8
		Artinskian			Autunian								283.5
			Longlinian										285.4 *
						Yakhtashian							286
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian	Bursumian †		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Virgilian				Late Pennsylvanian					298.9
							Xiaodushanian						300 *
											300.1
		Kasimovian		Missourian							303.7
				Missourian			Dalaun				305.8 *
				Desmoinesian							305.9 *
		Moscovian		Desmoinesian				Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Moscovian		Atokan				Middle Pennsylvanian			312.7 *
		Bashkirian		Atokan				Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
				Morrowan							318.4 *
							Huashibanian				318.5 *
							Lousuan				321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian			Dewunian	Late Mississippian			323.2
		Serpukhovian					Shangsian	Late Mississippian			330.8 *
		Visean					Shangsian	Middle Mississippian			330.9
							Jiusian				335 *
				Meramecian							335.8 *
				Osagean							343.1 *
		Tournaisian		Osagean			Tangbagouan	Early Mississippian			346.7
		Tournaisian		Kinderhookian			Tangbagouan	Early Mississippian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †		497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	504.5
													509