PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian Subages of Germany	Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Cenozoic 6		0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Serravallian							Cenozoic 5		11.63
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Cenozoic 4		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							Cenozoic 4		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Cenozoic 3		33.9
		Bartonian							Cenozoic 3		37.71
		Lutetian							Cenozoic 2		41.2
		Ypresian							Cenozoic 2		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Cenozoic 1		56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Cretaceous 8		66
		Campanian							Cretaceous 7		72.1
		Santonian							Cretaceous 6		83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian							Cretaceous 5		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Cretaceous 4		100.5
		Aptian							Cretaceous 3		113
		Barremian							Cretaceous 2		121.4
		Hauterivian							Cretaceous 2		125.77
		Valanginian							Cretaceous 1		132.6
		Berriasian							Cretaceous 1		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian							Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian							Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian							Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian							Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian							Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian							Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian							Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian							Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian							Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian							Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							Triassic 1		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan							Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian					Buntsandstein	Permian 4		251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian								253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian			Longtanian †					254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian			Longtanian †					257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan					Ohre/Aller			259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian					Leine			264.28
		Roadian	Kuhfengian						Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian						Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian								283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian								285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian	Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Mapingian †			Carboniferous 5		298.9
									Xiaodushanian	300 *
										300.1
		Kasimovian								303.7
									Dalaun	305.8 *
										305.9
		Moscovian					Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian								315.2
									Huashibanian	318.5 *
									Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Carboniferous 3		Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian					Carboniferous 3		Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean					Carboniferous 2		Shangsian	330.9
		Visean					Carboniferous 2		Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian					Carboniferous 1		Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian					Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian					Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5		443.8
		Katian			Ordovician 5		445.2
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5		485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †		Cambrian 4			497
		Drumian					Cambrian 4			500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †	Cambrian 3			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Cambrian 3			509
	Series 2	Stage 3					Cambrian 2			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Cambrian 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					Cambrian 1			529
											538.8